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				3	<TITLE>BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux</TITLE>
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				7	<BODY>
				8
				9	<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
				10
				11	<UL>
				12
				13	<LI><A HREF="#NAME">NAME</A>
				14	<LI><A HREF="#SYNTAX">SYNTAX</A>
				15	<LI><A HREF="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</A>
				16	<LI><A HREF="#USAGE">USAGE</A>
				17	<LI><A HREF="#COMMON_OPTIONS">COMMON OPTIONS</A>
				18	<LI><A HREF="#COMMANDS">COMMANDS</A>
				19	<LI><A HREF="#LIBC_NSS">LIBC NSS</A>
				20	<LI><A HREF="#SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</A>
				21	<LI><A HREF="#MAINTAINER">MAINTAINER</A>
				22	<LI><A HREF="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</A>
				23	</UL>
				24	<!-- INDEX END -->
				25
				26	<HR>
				27	<P>
				28	<H1><A NAME="NAME">NAME</A></H1>
				29	<P>
				30	BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
				31
				32	<P>
				33	<HR>
				34	<H1><A NAME="SYNTAX">SYNTAX</A></H1>
				35	<P>
				36	<PRE> BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or
				37	</PRE>
				38	<P>
				39	<PRE> <function> [arguments...] # if symlinked
				40	</PRE>
				41	<P>
				42	<HR>
				43	<H1><A NAME="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</A></H1>
				44	<P>
				45	BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single
				46	small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the
				47	utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils,
				48	grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment
				49	for any small or emdedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have
				50	fewer options then their full featured GNU cousins; however, the options
				51	that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much
				52	like their GNU counterparts.
				53
				54	<P>
				55	BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in
				56	mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude
				57	commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize
				58	your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a
				59	shell (such as ash), and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae).
				60
				61	<P>
				62	<HR>
				63	<H1><A NAME="USAGE">USAGE</A></H1>
				64	<P>
				65	When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when
				66	BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself
				67	has been invoked.
				68
				69	<P>
				70	For example, entering
				71
				72	<P>
				73	<PRE> ln -s ./BusyBox ls
				74	./ls
				75	</PRE>
				76	<P>
				77	will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
				78	into BusyBox).
				79
				80	<P>
				81	You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the
				82	command line. For example, entering
				83
				84	<P>
				85	<PRE> ./BusyBox ls
				86	</PRE>
				87	<P>
				88	will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
				89
				90	<P>
				91	<HR>
				92	<H1><A NAME="COMMON_OPTIONS">COMMON OPTIONS</A></H1>
				93	<P>
				94	Most BusyBox commands support the <STRONG>--help</STRONG> option to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior.
				95
				96	<P>
				97	<HR>
				98	<H1><A NAME="COMMANDS">COMMANDS</A></H1>
				99	<P>
				100	Currently defined functions include:
				101
				102	<P>
				103	basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, chvt, cp, cut, date, dd,
				104	df, dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free,
				105	freeramdisk, deallocvt, fsck.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid,
				106	hostname, id, init, kill, killall, length, ln, loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap,
				107	logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, math, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix,
				108	mknod, mkswap, mktemp, nc, more, mount, mt, mv, nslookup, ping, poweroff,
				109	printf, ps, pwd, reboot, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sfdisk,
				110	sleep, sort, sync, syslogd, swapon, swapoff, tail, tar, test, tee, touch,
				111	tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, update, uptime, usleep, wc, whoami,
				112	yes, zcat, [
				113
				114	<P>
				115	-------------------------------
				116
				117	<DL>
				118	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_basename">basename</A></STRONG><DD>
				119	<P>
				120	Usage: basename FILE [SUFFIX]
				121
				122	<P>
				123	Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes
				124	any trailing SUFFIX.
				125
				126	<P>
				127	Example:
				128
				129	<P>
				130	<PRE> $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
				131	foo
				132	$ basename /usr/local/bin/
				133	bin
				134	$ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
				135	bar
				136	</PRE>
				137	<P>
				138	-------------------------------
				139
				140	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_cat">cat</A></STRONG><DD>
				141	<P>
				142	Usage: cat [FILE ...]
				143
				144	<P>
				145	Concatenates <CODE>FILE(s)</CODE> and prints them to the standard output.
				146
				147	<P>
				148	Example:
				149
				150	<P>
				151	<PRE> $ cat /proc/uptime
				152	110716.72 17.67
				153	</PRE>
				154	<P>
				155	-------------------------------
				156
				157	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_chgrp">chgrp</A></STRONG><DD>
				158	<P>
				159	Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...
				160
				161	<P>
				162	Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.
				163
				164	<P>
				165	Options:
				166
				167	<P>
				168	<PRE> -R change files and directories recursively
				169	</PRE>
				170	<P>
				171	Example:
				172
				173	<P>
				174	<PRE> $ ls -l /tmp/foo
				175	-r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
				176	$ chgrp root /tmp/foo
				177	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
				178	-r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
				179	</PRE>
				180	<P>
				181	-------------------------------
				182
				183	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_chmod">chmod</A></STRONG><DD>
				184	<P>
				185	Usage: chmod [<STRONG>-R</STRONG>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...
				186
				187	<P>
				188	Changes file access permissions for the specified <CODE>FILE(s)</CODE> (or
				189	directories). Each MODE is defined by combining the letters for WHO has
				190	access to the file, an OPERATOR for selecting how the permissions should be
				191	changed, and a PERISSION for <CODE>FILE(s)</CODE> (or directories).
				192
				193	<P>
				194	WHO may be chosen from
				195
				196	<P>
				197	<PRE> u User who owns the file
				198	g Users in the file's Group
				199	o Other users not in the file's group
				200	a All users
				201	</PRE>
				202	<P>
				203	OPERATOR may be chosen from
				204
				205	<P>
				206	<PRE> + Add a permission
				207	- Remove a permission
				208	= Assign a permission
				209
				210	PERMISSION may be chosen from
				211	</PRE>
				212	<P>
				213	<PRE> r Read
				214	w Write
				215	x Execute (or access for directories)
				216	s Set user (or group) ID bit
				217	t Stickey bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners)
				218	</PRE>
				219	<P>
				220	Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three
				221	numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as
				222
				223	<P>
				224	<PRE> 4 Read
				225	2 Write
				226	1 Execute
				227	</PRE>
				228	<P>
				229	An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify
				230
				231	<P>
				232	<PRE> 4 Set user ID
				233	2 Set group ID
				234	1 Stickey bit
				235	</PRE>
				236	<P>
				237	Options:
				238
				239	<P>
				240	<PRE> -R Change files and directories recursively.
				241
				242	Example:
				243	</PRE>
				244	<P>
				245	<PRE> $ ls -l /tmp/foo
				246	-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
				247	$ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
				248	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
				249	-rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
				250	$ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
				251	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
				252	-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
				253	</PRE>
				254	<P>
				255	-------------------------------
				256
				257	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_chown">chown</A></STRONG><DD>
				258	<P>
				259	Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.\|:>[GROUP] FILE...
				260
				261	<P>
				262	Changes the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.
				263
				264	<P>
				265	Options:
				266
				267	<P>
				268	<PRE> -R Changes files and directories recursively
				269	</PRE>
				270	<P>
				271	Example:
				272
				273	<P>
				274	<PRE> $ ls -l /tmp/foo
				275	-r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
				276	$ chown root /tmp/foo
				277	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
				278	-r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
				279	$ chown root.root /tmp/foo
				280	ls -l /tmp/foo
				281	-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
				282	</PRE>
				283	<P>
				284	-------------------------------
				285
				286	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_chroot">chroot</A></STRONG><DD>
				287	<P>
				288	Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]
				289
				290	<P>
				291	Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. Example:
				292
				293	<P>
				294	<PRE> $ ls -l /bin/ls
				295	lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
				296	$ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
				297	$ chroot /mnt
				298	$ ls -l /bin/ls
				299	-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls*
				300	</PRE>
				301	<P>
				302	-------------------------------
				303
				304	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_clear">clear</A></STRONG><DD>
				305	<P>
				306	Clears the screen.
				307
				308	<P>
				309	-------------------------------
				310
				311	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_chvt">chvt</A></STRONG><DD>
				312	<P>
				313	Usage: chvt N
				314
				315	<P>
				316	Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
				317
				318	<P>
				319	-------------------------------
				320
				321	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_cp">cp</A></STRONG><DD>
				322	<P>
				323	Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
				324
				325	<P>
				326	<PRE> or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
				327	</PRE>
				328	<P>
				329	Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple <CODE>SOURCE(s)</CODE> to DIRECTORY.
				330
				331	<P>
				332	Options:
				333
				334	<P>
				335	<PRE> -a Same as -dpR
				336	-d Preserves links
				337	-p Preserves file attributes if possable
				338	-R Copies directories recursively
				339	</PRE>
				340	<P>
				341	-------------------------------
				342
				343	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_cut">cut</A></STRONG><DD>
				344	<P>
				345	Usage: cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...
				346
				347	<P>
				348	Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.
				349
				350	<P>
				351	Options:
				352
				353	<P>
				354	<PRE> -b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
				355	-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
				356	-d DELIM Use DELIM instead of tab as the field delimiter
				357	-f N Print only these fields
				358	-n Ignored
				359	</PRE>
				360	<P>
				361	Example:
				362
				363	<P>
				364	<PRE> $ echo "Hello world" \| cut -f 1 -d ' '
				365	Hello
				366	$ echo "Hello world" \| cut -f 2 -d ' '
				367	world
				368	</PRE>
				369	<P>
				370	-------------------------------
				371
				372	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_date">date</A></STRONG><DD>
				373	<P>
				374	Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
				375
				376	<P>
				377	<PRE> or: date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
				378	</PRE>
				379	<P>
				380	Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date.
				381
				382	<P>
				383	Options:
				384
				385	<P>
				386	<PRE> -R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
				387	-s Sets time described by STRING
				388	-u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time
				389	</PRE>
				390	<P>
				391	Example:
				392
				393	<P>
				394	<PRE> $ date
				395	Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000
				396	</PRE>
				397	<P>
				398	-------------------------------
				399
				400	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_dd">dd</A></STRONG><DD>
				401	<P>
				402	Usage: dd [if=name] [of=name] [bs=n] [count=n] [skip=n] [seek=n]
				403
				404	<P>
				405	Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options
				406
				407	<P>
				408	<PRE> if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin
				409	of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout
				410	bs=n read and write n bytes at a time
				411	count=n copy only n input blocks
				412	skip=n skip n input blocks
				413	seek=n skip n output blocks
				414	</PRE>
				415	<P>
				416	Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), or M (x1024^2)
				417	Example:
				418
				419	<P>
				420	<PRE> $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
				421	4+0 records in
				422	4+0 records out
				423	</PRE>
				424	<P>
				425	-------------------------------
				426
				427	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_df">df</A></STRONG><DD>
				428	<P>
				429	Usage: df [filesystem ...]
				430
				431	<P>
				432	Prints the filesystem space used and space available.
				433
				434	<P>
				435	Example:
				436
				437	<P>
				438	<PRE> $ df
				439	Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
				440	/dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
				441	/dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot
				442	$ df /dev/sda3
				443	Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
				444	/dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% /
				445	</PRE>
				446	<P>
				447	-------------------------------
				448
				449	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_dirname">dirname</A></STRONG><DD>
				450	<P>
				451	Usage: dirname NAME
				452
				453	<P>
				454	Strip non-directory suffix from file name
				455
				456	<P>
				457	Example:
				458
				459	<P>
				460	<PRE> $ dirname /tmp/foo
				461	/tmp
				462	$ dirname /tmp/foo/
				463	/tmp
				464	</PRE>
				465	<P>
				466	-------------------------------
				467
				468	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_dmesg">dmesg</A></STRONG><DD>
				469	<P>
				470	Usage: dmesg [<STRONG>-c</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-n</STRONG> level] [<STRONG>-s</STRONG> bufsize] Print or controls the kernel ring buffer.
				471
				472	<P>
				473	-------------------------------
				474
				475	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_du">du</A></STRONG><DD>
				476	<P>
				477	Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
				478
				479	<P>
				480	Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is
				481	printed in units of 1k (i.e. 1024 bytes).
				482
				483	<P>
				484	Options:
				485
				486	<P>
				487	<PRE> -l count sizes many times if hard linked
				488	-s display only a total for each argument
				489	</PRE>
				490	<P>
				491	Example:
				492
				493	<P>
				494	<PRE> $ ./BusyBox du
				495	16 ./CVS
				496	12 ./kernel-patches/CVS
				497	80 ./kernel-patches
				498	12 ./tests/CVS
				499	36 ./tests
				500	12 ./scripts/CVS
				501	16 ./scripts
				502	12 ./docs/CVS
				503	104 ./docs
				504	2417 .
				505
				506	-------------------------------
				507	</PRE>
				508	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_dutmp">dutmp</A></STRONG><DD>
				509	<P>
				510	Usage: dutmp [FILE]
				511
				512	<P>
				513	Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or stdin to stdout.
				514
				515	<P>
				516	Example:
				517
				518	<P>
				519	<PRE> $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
				520	8\|7\|\|si\|\|\|0\|0\|0\|955637625\|760097\|0
				521	2\|0\|~\|~~\|reboot\|\|0\|0\|0\|955637625\|782235\|0
				522	1\|20020\|~\|~~\|runlevel\|\|0\|0\|0\|955637625\|800089\|0
				523	8\|125\|\|l4\|\|\|0\|0\|0\|955637629\|998367\|0
				524	6\|245\|tty1\|1\|LOGIN\|\|0\|0\|0\|955637630\|998974\|0
				525	6\|246\|tty2\|2\|LOGIN\|\|0\|0\|0\|955637630\|999498\|0
				526	7\|336\|pts/0\|vt00andersen\|andersen\|:0.0\|0\|0\|0\|955637763\|0\|0
				527
				528	-------------------------------
				529	</PRE>
				530	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_echo">echo</A></STRONG><DD>
				531	<P>
				532	Usage: echo [-neE] [ARG ...]
				533
				534	<P>
				535	Prints the specified ARGs to stdout
				536
				537	<P>
				538	Options:
				539
				540	<P>
				541	<PRE> -n suppress trailing newline
				542	-e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
				543	-E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters
				544	</PRE>
				545	<P>
				546	Example:
				547
				548	<P>
				549	<PRE> $ echo "Erik is cool"
				550	Erik is cool
				551	$ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool"
				552	Erik
				553	is
				554	cool
				555	$ echo "Erik\nis\ncool"
				556	Erik\nis\ncool
				557
				558	-------------------------------
				559	</PRE>
				560	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_false">false</A></STRONG><DD>
				561	<P>
				562	Returns an exit code of FALSE (1)
				563
				564	<P>
				565	Example:
				566
				567	<P>
				568	<PRE> $ false
				569	$ echo $?
				570	1
				571	</PRE>
				572	<P>
				573	-------------------------------
				574
				575	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_fbset">fbset</A></STRONG><DD>
				576	<P>
				577	Usage: fbset [options] [mode]
				578
				579	<P>
				580	Show and modify frame buffer device settings
				581
				582	<P>
				583	Options:
				584
				585	<P>
				586	<PRE> -h
				587	-fb
				588	-db
				589	-a
				590	-i
				591	-g
				592	-t
				593	-accel
				594	-hsync
				595	-vsync
				596	-laced
				597	-double
				598	</PRE>
				599	<P>
				600	Example:
				601
				602	<P>
				603	<PRE> $ fbset
				604	mode "1024x768-76"
				605	# D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
				606	geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
				607	timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
				608	accel false
				609	rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
				610	endmode
				611	</PRE>
				612	<P>
				613	-------------------------------
				614
				615	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_fdflush">fdflush</A></STRONG><DD>
				616	<P>
				617	Usage: fdflush device
				618
				619	<P>
				620	Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
				621
				622	<P>
				623	-------------------------------
				624
				625	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_find">find</A></STRONG><DD>
				626	<P>
				627	Usage: find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]
				628
				629	<P>
				630	Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is the current
				631	directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'
				632
				633	<P>
				634	EXPRESSION may consist of:
				635
				636	<P>
				637	<PRE> -follow Dereference symbolic links.
				638	-name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.
				639	-print print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout.
				640	</PRE>
				641	<P>
				642	Example:
				643
				644	<P>
				645	<PRE> $ find / -name /etc/passwd
				646	/etc/passwd
				647	</PRE>
				648	<P>
				649	-------------------------------
				650
				651	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_free">free</A></STRONG><DD>
				652	<P>
				653	Usage: free
				654
				655	<P>
				656	Displays the amount of free and used system memory.
				657
				658	<P>
				659	Example:
				660
				661	<P>
				662	<PRE> $ free
				663	total used free shared buffers
				664	Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124
				665	Swap: 128516 8404 120112
				666	Total: 386144 257128 129016
				667	</PRE>
				668	<P>
				669	-------------------------------
				670
				671	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_freeramdisk">freeramdisk</A></STRONG><DD>
				672	<P>
				673	Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE
				674
				675	<P>
				676	Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk.
				677
				678	<P>
				679	Example:
				680
				681	<P>
				682	<PRE> $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2
				683	</PRE>
				684	<P>
				685	-------------------------------
				686
				687	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_deallocvt">deallocvt</A></STRONG><DD>
				688	<P>
				689	Usage: deallocvt N
				690
				691	<P>
				692	Deallocates unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
				693
				694	<P>
				695	-------------------------------
				696
				697	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_fsck">fsck.minix</A></STRONG><DD>
				698	<P>
				699	Usage: fsck.minix [<STRONG>-larvsmf</STRONG>] /dev/name
				700
				701	<P>
				702	Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.
				703
				704	<P>
				705	OPTIONS:
				706
				707	<P>
				708	<PRE> -l Lists all filenames
				709	-r Perform interactive repairs
				710	-a Perform automatic repairs
				711	-v verbose
				712	-s Outputs super-block information
				713	-m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
				714	-f Force file system check.
				715	</PRE>
				716	<P>
				717	-------------------------------
				718
				719	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_grep">grep</A></STRONG><DD>
				720	<P>
				721	Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]...
				722
				723	<P>
				724	Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.
				725
				726	<P>
				727	OPTIONS:
				728
				729	<P>
				730	<PRE> -h suppress the prefixing filename on output
				731	-i ignore case distinctions
				732	-n print line number with output lines
				733	-q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
				734	-v select non-matching lines
				735	</PRE>
				736	<P>
				737	This version of grep matches full regular expresions.
				738
				739	<P>
				740	Example:
				741
				742	<P>
				743	<PRE> $ grep root /etc/passwd
				744	root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
				745	$ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
				746	root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
				747	</PRE>
				748	<P>
				749	-------------------------------
				750
				751	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_gunzip">gunzip</A></STRONG><DD>
				752	<P>
				753	Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE
				754
				755	<P>
				756	Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').
				757
				758	<P>
				759	Options:
				760
				761	<P>
				762	<PRE> -c Write output to standard output
				763	-t Test compressed file integrity
				764	</PRE>
				765	<P>
				766	Example:
				767
				768	<P>
				769	<PRE> $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
				770	-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
				771	$ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
				772	$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
				773	-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
				774	</PRE>
				775	<P>
				776	-------------------------------
				777
				778	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_gzip">gzip</A></STRONG><DD>
				779	<P>
				780	Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE
				781
				782	<P>
				783	Compress FILE with maximum compression. When FILE is '-', reads standard
				784	input. Implies <STRONG>-c</STRONG>.
				785
				786	<P>
				787	Options:
				788
				789	<P>
				790	<PRE> -c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz
				791	</PRE>
				792	<P>
				793	Example:
				794
				795	<P>
				796	<PRE> $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
				797	-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
				798	$ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
				799	$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
				800	-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
				801	</PRE>
				802	<P>
				803	-------------------------------
				804
				805	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_halt">halt</A></STRONG><DD>
				806	<P>
				807	Usage: halt
				808
				809	<P>
				810	This comand halts the system.
				811
				812	<P>
				813	-------------------------------
				814
				815	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_head">head</A></STRONG><DD>
				816	<P>
				817	Usage: head [OPTION] [FILE]...
				818
				819	<P>
				820	Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one
				821	FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or
				822	when FILE is -, read standard input.
				823
				824	<P>
				825	Options:
				826
				827	<P>
				828	<PRE> -n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
				829	</PRE>
				830	<P>
				831	Example:
				832
				833	<P>
				834	<PRE> $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
				835	root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
				836	daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
				837	</PRE>
				838	<P>
				839	-------------------------------
				840
				841	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_hostid">hostid</A></STRONG><DD>
				842	<P>
				843	Usage: hostid
				844
				845	<P>
				846	Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current machine. The 32-bit
				847	identifier is intended to be unique among all UNIX systems in existence.
				848
				849	<P>
				850	-------------------------------
				851
				852	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_hostname">hostname</A></STRONG><DD>
				853	<P>
				854	Usage: hostname [OPTION] {hostname \| <STRONG>-F</STRONG> file}
				855
				856	<P>
				857	Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given (or a
				858	file with the <STRONG>-F</STRONG> parameter), the host name will be set.
				859
				860	<P>
				861	Options:
				862
				863	<P>
				864	<PRE> -s Short
				865	-i Addresses for the hostname
				866	-d DNS domain name
				867	-F FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname
				868	</PRE>
				869	<P>
				870	Example:
				871
				872	<P>
				873	<PRE> $ hostname
				874	slag
				875	</PRE>
				876	<P>
				877	-------------------------------
				878
				879	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_id">id</A></STRONG><DD>
				880	<P>
				881	Print information for USERNAME or the current user
				882
				883	<P>
				884	Options:
				885
				886	<P>
				887	<PRE> -g prints only the group ID
				888	-u prints only the user ID
				889	-r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)
				890	</PRE>
				891	<P>
				892	Example:
				893
				894	<P>
				895	<PRE> $ id
				896	uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)
				897	</PRE>
				898	<P>
				899	-------------------------------
				900
				901	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_init">init</A></STRONG><DD>
				902	<P>
				903	Usage: init
				904
				905	<P>
				906	Init is the parent of all processes.
				907
				908	<P>
				909	This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.
				910
				911	<P>
				912	BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of the
				913	/etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want
				914	runlevels, use sysvinit.
				915
				916	<P>
				917	BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, it
				918	has the following default behavior:
				919
				920	<P>
				921	<PRE> ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
				922	::askfirst:/bin/sh
				923	</PRE>
				924	<P>
				925	if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also
				926	run:
				927
				928	<P>
				929	<PRE> tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
				930	</PRE>
				931	<P>
				932	If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as
				933	follows:
				934
				935	<P>
				936	<PRE> <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>
				937	</PRE>
				938	<P>
				939	<PRE> <id>:
				940	</PRE>
				941	<P>
				942	<PRE> WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
				943	The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
				944	the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are
				945	appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to
				946	be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this
				947	field is left blank, it is completely ignored. Also note that if
				948	BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then all entries
				949	containing non-empty id fields will _not_ be run. BusyBox init does
				950	nothing with utmp. We don't need no stinkin' utmp.
				951	</PRE>
				952	<P>
				953	<PRE> <runlevels>:
				954	</PRE>
				955	<P>
				956	<PRE> The runlevels field is completely ignored.
				957	</PRE>
				958	<P>
				959	<PRE> <action>:
				960	</PRE>
				961	<P>
				962	<PRE> Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,
				963	once, and ctrlaltdel.
				964	</PRE>
				965	<P>
				966	<PRE> askfirst acts just like respawn, but before running the specified
				967	process it displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this
				968	console." and then waits for the user to press enter before starting
				969	the specified process.
				970	</PRE>
				971	<P>
				972	<PRE> Unrecognised actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit
				973	an error message, and then go along with its business.
				974	</PRE>
				975	<P>
				976	<PRE> <process>:
				977	</PRE>
				978	<P>
				979	<PRE> Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.
				980	</PRE>
				981	<P>
				982	Example /etc/inittab file:
				983
				984	<P>
				985	<PRE> # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
				986	#
				987	::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
				988	</PRE>
				989	<P>
				990	<PRE> # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
				991	#
				992	# Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
				993	::askfirst:/bin/sh
				994	# Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2
				995	tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
				996	</PRE>
				997	<P>
				998	<PRE> # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
				999	#
				1000	tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
				1001	tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
				1002	</PRE>
				1003	<P>
				1004	<PRE> # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
				1005	#
				1006	#ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
				1007	#ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
				1008	#
				1009	# Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
				1010	#ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2
				1011	</PRE>
				1012	<P>
				1013	<PRE> # Stuff to do before rebooting
				1014	::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r > /dev/null 2>&1
				1015	::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a > /dev/null 2>&1
				1016	</PRE>
				1017	<P>
				1018	-------------------------------
				1019
				1020	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_kill">kill</A></STRONG><DD>
				1021	<P>
				1022	Usage: kill [<STRONG>-signal</STRONG>] process-id [process-id ...]
				1023
				1024	<P>
				1025	Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
				1026	<CODE>process(es).</CODE>
				1027
				1028	<P>
				1029	Options:
				1030
				1031	<P>
				1032	<PRE> -l List all signal names and numbers.
				1033	</PRE>
				1034	<P>
				1035	Example:
				1036
				1037	<P>
				1038	<PRE> $ ps \| grep apache
				1039	252 root root S [apache]
				1040	263 www-data www-data S [apache]
				1041	264 www-data www-data S [apache]
				1042	265 www-data www-data S [apache]
				1043	266 www-data www-data S [apache]
				1044	267 www-data www-data S [apache]
				1045	$ kill 252
				1046	</PRE>
				1047	<P>
				1048	-------------------------------
				1049
				1050	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_killall">killall</A></STRONG><DD>
				1051	<P>
				1052	Usage: killall [<STRONG>-signal</STRONG>] process-name [process-name ...]
				1053
				1054	<P>
				1055	Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
				1056	<CODE>process(es).</CODE>
				1057
				1058	<P>
				1059	Options:
				1060
				1061	<P>
				1062	<PRE> -l List all signal names and numbers.
				1063	</PRE>
				1064	<P>
				1065	Example:
				1066
				1067	<P>
				1068	<PRE> $ killall apache
				1069	</PRE>
				1070	<P>
				1071	-------------------------------
				1072
				1073	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_length">length</A></STRONG><DD>
				1074	<P>
				1075	Usage: length STRING
				1076
				1077	<P>
				1078	Prints out the length of the specified STRING.
				1079
				1080	<P>
				1081	Example:
				1082
				1083	<P>
				1084	<PRE> $ length "Hello"
				1085	5
				1086	</PRE>
				1087	<P>
				1088	-------------------------------
				1089
				1090	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_ln">ln</A></STRONG><DD>
				1091	<P>
				1092	Usage: ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME\|DIRECTORY
				1093
				1094	<P>
				1095	Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET Options:
				1096
				1097	<P>
				1098	<PRE> -s make symbolic links instead of hard links
				1099	-f remove existing destination files
				1100
				1101	Example:
				1102	</PRE>
				1103	<P>
				1104	<PRE> $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
				1105	$ ls -l /tmp/ls
				1106	lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*
				1107	</PRE>
				1108	<P>
				1109	-------------------------------
				1110
				1111	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_loadacm">loadacm</A></STRONG><DD>
				1112	<P>
				1113	Usage: loadacm
				1114
				1115	<P>
				1116	Loads an acm from standard input.
				1117
				1118	<P>
				1119	Example:
				1120
				1121	<P>
				1122	<PRE> $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname
				1123	</PRE>
				1124	<P>
				1125	-------------------------------
				1126
				1127	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_loadfont">loadfont</A></STRONG><DD>
				1128	<P>
				1129	Usage: loadfont
				1130
				1131	<P>
				1132	Loads a console font from standard input.
				1133
				1134	<P>
				1135	Example:
				1136
				1137	<P>
				1138	<PRE> $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname
				1139	</PRE>
				1140	<P>
				1141	-------------------------------
				1142
				1143	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_loadkmap">loadkmap</A></STRONG><DD>
				1144	<P>
				1145	Usage: loadkmap
				1146
				1147	<P>
				1148	Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input.
				1149
				1150	<P>
				1151	Example:
				1152
				1153	<P>
				1154	<PRE> $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap
				1155	</PRE>
				1156	<P>
				1157	-------------------------------
				1158
				1159	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_logger">logger</A></STRONG><DD>
				1160	<P>
				1161	Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]
				1162
				1163	<P>
				1164	Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is '-', log stdin.
				1165
				1166	<P>
				1167	Options:
				1168
				1169	<P>
				1170	<PRE> -s Log to stderr as well as the system log.
				1171	-t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
				1172	-p Enter the message with the specified priority.
				1173	This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.
				1174	</PRE>
				1175	<P>
				1176	Example:
				1177
				1178	<P>
				1179	<PRE> $ logger "hello"
				1180	</PRE>
				1181	<P>
				1182	-------------------------------
				1183
				1184	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_logname">logname</A></STRONG><DD>
				1185	<P>
				1186	Usage: logname
				1187
				1188	<P>
				1189	Print the name of the current user.
				1190
				1191	<P>
				1192	Example:
				1193
				1194	<P>
				1195	<PRE> $ logname
				1196	root
				1197	</PRE>
				1198	<P>
				1199	-------------------------------
				1200
				1201	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_ls">ls</A></STRONG><DD>
				1202	<P>
				1203	Usage: ls [<STRONG>-1acdelnpuxACF</STRONG>] [filenames...]
				1204
				1205	<P>
				1206	Options:
				1207
				1208	<P>
				1209	<PRE> -a do not hide entries starting with .
				1210	-c with -l: show ctime (the time of last
				1211	modification of file status information)
				1212	-d list directory entries instead of contents
				1213	-e list both full date and full time
				1214	-l use a long listing format
				1215	-n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
				1216	-p append indicator (one of /=@\|) to entries
				1217	-u with -l: show access time (the time of last
				1218	access of the file)
				1219	-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
				1220	-A do not list implied . and ..
				1221	-C list entries by columns
				1222	-F append indicator (one of */=@\|) to entries
				1223	</PRE>
				1224	<P>
				1225	-------------------------------
				1226
				1227	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_lsmod">lsmod</A></STRONG><DD>
				1228	<P>
				1229	Usage: lsmod
				1230
				1231	<P>
				1232	Shows a list of all currently loaded kernel modules.
				1233
				1234	<P>
				1235	-------------------------------
				1236
				1237	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_makedevs">makedevs</A></STRONG><DD>
				1238	<P>
				1239	Usage: makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]
				1240
				1241	<P>
				1242	Creates a range of block or character special files
				1243
				1244	<P>
				1245	TYPEs include:
				1246
				1247	<P>
				1248	<PRE> b: Make a block (buffered) device.
				1249	c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
				1250	p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.
				1251	</PRE>
				1252	<P>
				1253	FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device.
				1254	LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. If 's'
				1255	is the last argument, the base device is created as well.
				1256
				1257	<P>
				1258	Example:
				1259
				1260	<P>
				1261	<PRE> $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
				1262	[creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
				1263	$ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
				1264	[creates hda,hda1-hda8]
				1265	</PRE>
				1266	<P>
				1267	-------------------------------
				1268
				1269	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_math">math</A></STRONG><DD>
				1270	<P>
				1271	Usage: math expression ...
				1272
				1273	<P>
				1274	This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the following operations: +,
				1275	-, /, *, and, or, not, eor.
				1276
				1277	<P>
				1278	Example:
				1279
				1280	<P>
				1281	<PRE> $ math 2 2 add
				1282	4
				1283	$ math 8 8 \* 2 2 + /
				1284	16
				1285	$ math 0 1 and
				1286	0
				1287	$ math 0 1 or
				1288	1
				1289	</PRE>
				1290	<P>
				1291	-------------------------------
				1292
				1293	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mkdir">mkdir</A></STRONG><DD>
				1294	<P>
				1295	Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...
				1296
				1297	<P>
				1298	Create the <CODE>DIRECTORY(ies),</CODE> if they do not already exist
				1299
				1300	<P>
				1301	Options:
				1302
				1303	<P>
				1304	<PRE> -m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
				1305	-p no error if dir exists, make parent directories as needed
				1306	</PRE>
				1307	<P>
				1308	Example:
				1309
				1310	<P>
				1311	<PRE> $ mkdir /tmp/foo
				1312	$ mkdir /tmp/foo
				1313	/tmp/foo: File exists
				1314	$ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
				1315	/tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
				1316	$ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz
				1317	</PRE>
				1318	<P>
				1319	-------------------------------
				1320
				1321	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mkfifo">mkfifo</A></STRONG><DD>
				1322	<P>
				1323	Usage: mkfifo [OPTIONS] name
				1324
				1325	<P>
				1326	Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')
				1327
				1328	<P>
				1329	Options:
				1330
				1331	<P>
				1332	<PRE> -m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)
				1333	</PRE>
				1334	<P>
				1335	-------------------------------
				1336
				1337	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mkfs">mkfs.minix</A></STRONG><DD>
				1338	<P>
				1339	Usage: mkfs.minix [<STRONG>-c</STRONG> \| <STRONG>-l</STRONG> filename] [<STRONG>-nXX</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-iXX</STRONG>] /dev/name [blocks]
				1340
				1341	<P>
				1342	Make a MINIX filesystem.
				1343
				1344	<P>
				1345	OPTIONS:
				1346
				1347	<P>
				1348	<PRE> -c Check the device for bad blocks
				1349	-n [14\|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames
				1350	-i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
				1351	-l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
				1352	-v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem
				1353	</PRE>
				1354	<P>
				1355	-------------------------------
				1356
				1357	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mknod">mknod</A></STRONG><DD>
				1358	<P>
				1359	Usage: mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR
				1360
				1361	<P>
				1362	Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).
				1363
				1364	<P>
				1365	Options:
				1366
				1367	<P>
				1368	<PRE> -m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)
				1369	</PRE>
				1370	<P>
				1371	TYPEs include: b: Make a block (buffered) device. c or u: Make a character
				1372	(un-buffered) device. p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for
				1373	named pipes.
				1374
				1375	<P>
				1376	Example:
				1377
				1378	<P>
				1379	<PRE> $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
				1380	$ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p
				1381	</PRE>
				1382	<P>
				1383	-------------------------------
				1384
				1385	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mkswap">mkswap</A></STRONG><DD>
				1386	<P>
				1387	Usage: mkswap [<STRONG>-c</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-v0</STRONG>\|<STRONG>-v1</STRONG>] device [block-count]
				1388
				1389	<P>
				1390	Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.
				1391
				1392	<P>
				1393	Options:
				1394
				1395	<P>
				1396	<PRE> -c Check for read-ability.
				1397	-v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
				1398	-v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117).
				1399	block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition).
				1400	</PRE>
				1401	<P>
				1402	-------------------------------
				1403
				1404	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mktemp">mktemp</A></STRONG><DD>
				1405	<P>
				1406	Usage: mktemp [<STRONG>-q</STRONG>] TEMPLATE
				1407
				1408	<P>
				1409	Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any
				1410	name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).
				1411
				1412	<P>
				1413	Example:
				1414
				1415	<P>
				1416	<PRE> $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
				1417	/tmp/temp.mWiLjM
				1418	$ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
				1419	-rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
				1420	</PRE>
				1421	<P>
				1422	-------------------------------
				1423
				1424	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_nc">nc</A></STRONG><DD>
				1425	<P>
				1426	Usage: nc [IP] [port]
				1427
				1428	<P>
				1429	Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port
				1430
				1431	<P>
				1432	Example:
				1433
				1434	<P>
				1435	<PRE> $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
				1436	220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
				1437	help
				1438	214-Commands supported:
				1439	214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
				1440	214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
				1441	quit
				1442	221 foobar closing connection
				1443
				1444	-------------------------------
				1445	</PRE>
				1446	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_more">more</A></STRONG><DD>
				1447	<P>
				1448	Usage: more [file ...]
				1449
				1450	<P>
				1451	More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time.
				1452
				1453	<P>
				1454	Example:
				1455
				1456	<P>
				1457	<PRE> $ dmesg \| more
				1458	</PRE>
				1459	<P>
				1460	-------------------------------
				1461
				1462	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mount">mount</A></STRONG><DD>
				1463	<P>
				1464	Usage: mount [flags] mount [flags] device directory [<STRONG>-o</STRONG> options,more-options]
				1465
				1466	<P>
				1467	Flags:
				1468
				1469	<P>
				1470	<PRE> -a: Mount all file systems in fstab.
				1471	-o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below.
				1472	-r: Mount the filesystem read-only.
				1473	-t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type.
				1474	-w: Mount for reading and writing (default).
				1475	</PRE>
				1476	<P>
				1477	Options for use with the ``<STRONG>-o</STRONG>'' flag:
				1478
				1479	<P>
				1480	<PRE> async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
				1481	atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
				1482	dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
				1483	exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
				1484	loop: Mounts a file via loop device.
				1485	suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
				1486	remount: Re-mount a currently-mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
				1487	ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write.
				1488	There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem.
				1489	You'll have to see the written documentation for those.
				1490	</PRE>
				1491	<P>
				1492	Example:
				1493
				1494	<P>
				1495	<PRE> $ mount
				1496	/dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
				1497	proc on /proc type proc (rw)
				1498	devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
				1499	$ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
				1500	$ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop
				1501	</PRE>
				1502	<P>
				1503	-------------------------------
				1504
				1505	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mt">mt</A></STRONG><DD>
				1506	<P>
				1507	Usage: mt [<STRONG>-f</STRONG> device] opcode value
				1508
				1509	<P>
				1510	Control magnetic tape drive operation
				1511
				1512	<P>
				1513	-------------------------------
				1514
				1515	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_mv">mv</A></STRONG><DD>
				1516	<P>
				1517	Usage: mv SOURCE DEST
				1518
				1519	<P>
				1520	<PRE> or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY
				1521	</PRE>
				1522	<P>
				1523	Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move <CODE>SOURCE(s)</CODE> to DIRECTORY.
				1524
				1525	<P>
				1526	Example:
				1527
				1528	<P>
				1529	<PRE> $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar
				1530	</PRE>
				1531	<P>
				1532	-------------------------------
				1533
				1534	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_nslookup">nslookup</A></STRONG><DD>
				1535	<P>
				1536	Usage: nslookup [HOST]
				1537
				1538	<P>
				1539	Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST
				1540
				1541	<P>
				1542	Example:
				1543
				1544	<P>
				1545	<PRE> $ nslookup localhost
				1546	Server: default
				1547	Address: default
				1548	</PRE>
				1549	<P>
				1550	<PRE> Name: debian
				1551	Address: 127.0.0.1
				1552	</PRE>
				1553	<P>
				1554	-------------------------------
				1555
				1556	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_ping">ping</A></STRONG><DD>
				1557	<P>
				1558	Usage: ping [OPTION]... host
				1559
				1560	<P>
				1561	Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
				1562
				1563	<P>
				1564	Options:
				1565
				1566	<P>
				1567	<PRE> -c COUNT Send only COUNT pings.
				1568	-q Quiet mode, only displays output at start
				1569	and when finished.
				1570	Example:
				1571	</PRE>
				1572	<P>
				1573	<PRE> $ ping localhost
				1574	PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
				1575	64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms
				1576	</PRE>
				1577	<P>
				1578	<PRE> --- debian ping statistics ---
				1579	1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
				1580	round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms
				1581	</PRE>
				1582	<P>
				1583	-------------------------------
				1584
				1585	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_poweroff">poweroff</A></STRONG><DD>
				1586	<P>
				1587	Shuts down the system, and requests that the kernel turn off power upon
				1588	halting.
				1589
				1590	<P>
				1591	-------------------------------
				1592
				1593	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_printf">printf</A></STRONG><DD>
				1594	<P>
				1595	Usage: printf format [argument...]
				1596
				1597	<P>
				1598	Formats and prints the given data in a manner similar to the C printf
				1599	command.
				1600
				1601	<P>
				1602	Example:
				1603
				1604	<P>
				1605	<PRE> $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5
				1606	Val=5
				1607	</PRE>
				1608	<P>
				1609	-------------------------------
				1610
				1611	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_ps">ps</A></STRONG><DD>
				1612	<P>
				1613	Usage: ps
				1614
				1615	<P>
				1616	Report process status
				1617
				1618	<P>
				1619	This version of ps accepts no options.
				1620
				1621	<P>
				1622	Example:
				1623
				1624	<P>
				1625	<PRE> $ ps
				1626	PID Uid Gid State Command
				1627	1 root root S init
				1628	2 root root S [kflushd]
				1629	3 root root S [kupdate]
				1630	4 root root S [kpiod]
				1631	5 root root S [kswapd]
				1632	742 andersen andersen S [bash]
				1633	743 andersen andersen S -bash
				1634	745 root root S [getty]
				1635	2990 andersen andersen R ps
				1636	</PRE>
				1637	<P>
				1638	-------------------------------
				1639
				1640	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_pwd">pwd</A></STRONG><DD>
				1641	<P>
				1642	Prints the full filename of the current working directory.
				1643
				1644	<P>
				1645	Example:
				1646
				1647	<P>
				1648	<PRE> $ pwd
				1649	/root
				1650	</PRE>
				1651	<P>
				1652	-------------------------------
				1653
				1654	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_reboot">reboot</A></STRONG><DD>
				1655	<P>
				1656	Instructs the kernel to reboot the system.
				1657
				1658	<P>
				1659	-------------------------------
				1660
				1661	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_rm">rm</A></STRONG><DD>
				1662	<P>
				1663	Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE...
				1664
				1665	<P>
				1666	Remove (unlink) the <CODE>FILE(s).</CODE>
				1667
				1668	<P>
				1669	Options:
				1670
				1671	<P>
				1672	<PRE> -f remove existing destinations, never prompt
				1673	-r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively
				1674	</PRE>
				1675	<P>
				1676	Example:
				1677
				1678	<P>
				1679	<PRE> $ rm -rf /tmp/foo
				1680	</PRE>
				1681	<P>
				1682	-------------------------------
				1683
				1684	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_rmdir">rmdir</A></STRONG><DD>
				1685	<P>
				1686	Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...
				1687
				1688	<P>
				1689	Remove the <CODE>DIRECTORY(ies),</CODE> if they are empty.
				1690
				1691	<P>
				1692	Example:
				1693
				1694	<P>
				1695	<PRE> # rmdir /tmp/foo
				1696	</PRE>
				1697	<P>
				1698	-------------------------------
				1699
				1700	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_rmmod">rmmod</A></STRONG><DD>
				1701	<P>
				1702	Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...
				1703
				1704	<P>
				1705	Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.
				1706
				1707	<P>
				1708	Options:
				1709
				1710	<P>
				1711	<PRE> -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules.
				1712	</PRE>
				1713	<P>
				1714	Example:
				1715
				1716	<P>
				1717	<PRE> $ rmmod tulip
				1718	</PRE>
				1719	<P>
				1720	-------------------------------
				1721
				1722	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_sed">sed</A></STRONG><DD>
				1723	<P>
				1724	Usage: sed [<STRONG>-n</STRONG>] <STRONG>-e</STRONG> script [file...]
				1725
				1726	<P>
				1727	Allowed sed scripts come in the following form:
				1728
				1729	<P>
				1730	<PRE> 'ADDR [!] COMMAND'
				1731	</PRE>
				1732	<P>
				1733	<PRE> where address ADDR can be:
				1734	NUMBER Match specified line number
				1735	$ Match last line
				1736	/REGEXP/ Match specified regexp
				1737	(! inverts the meaning of the match)
				1738	</PRE>
				1739	<P>
				1740	<PRE> and COMMAND can be:
				1741	s/regexp/replacement/[igp]
				1742	which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space
				1743	and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement.
				1744	</PRE>
				1745	<P>
				1746	<PRE> aTEXT
				1747	which appends TEXT after the pattern space
				1748	</PRE>
				1749	<P>
				1750	Options:
				1751
				1752	<P>
				1753	<PRE> -e add the script to the commands to be executed
				1754	-n suppress automatic printing of pattern space
				1755	</PRE>
				1756	<P>
				1757	This version of sed matches full regular expresions.
				1758
				1759	<P>
				1760	Example:
				1761
				1762	<P>
				1763	<PRE> $ echo "foo" \| sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
				1764	bar
				1765	</PRE>
				1766	<P>
				1767	-------------------------------
				1768
				1769	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_setkeycodes">setkeycodes</A></STRONG><DD>
				1770	<P>
				1771	Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...
				1772
				1773	<P>
				1774	Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual
				1775	keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
				1776
				1777	<P>
				1778	SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in
				1779	decimal
				1780
				1781	<P>
				1782	Example:
				1783
				1784	<P>
				1785	<PRE> # setkeycodes e030 127
				1786	</PRE>
				1787	<P>
				1788	-------------------------------
				1789
				1790	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_sh">sh</A></STRONG><DD>
				1791	<P>
				1792	Usage: sh
				1793
				1794	<P>
				1795	lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)
				1796
				1797	<P>
				1798	This command does not yet have proper documentation.
				1799
				1800	<P>
				1801	Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes,
				1802	redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh),
				1803	and has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not
				1804	(yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like
				1805	``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use ash or bash. If you just need a
				1806	very simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job.
				1807
				1808	<P>
				1809	-------------------------------
				1810
				1811	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_sfdisk">sfdisk</A></STRONG><DD>
				1812	<P>
				1813	Usage: sfdisk [options] device ...
				1814
				1815	<P>
				1816	device: something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda
				1817
				1818	<P>
				1819	useful options:
				1820
				1821	<P>
				1822	<PRE> -s [or --show-size]: list size of a partition
				1823	-c [or --id]: print or change partition Id
				1824	-l [or --list]: list partitions of each device
				1825	-d [or --dump]: idem, but in a format suitable for later input
				1826	-i [or --increment]: number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0
				1827	-uS, -uB, -uC, -uM: accept/report in units of sectors/blocks/cylinders/MB
				1828	-T [or --list-types]:list the known partition types
				1829	-D [or --DOS]: for DOS-compatibility: waste a little space
				1830	-R [or --re-read]: make kernel reread partition table
				1831	-N# : change only the partition with number #
				1832	-n : do not actually write to disk
				1833	-O file : save the sectors that will be overwritten to file
				1834	-I file : restore these sectors again
				1835	-v [or --version]: print version
				1836	-? [or --help]: print this message
				1837	</PRE>
				1838	<P>
				1839	dangerous options:
				1840
				1841	<P>
				1842	<PRE> -g [or --show-geometry]: print the kernel's idea of the geometry
				1843	-x [or --show-extended]: also list extended partitions on output
				1844	</PRE>
				1845	<P>
				1846	<PRE> or expect descriptors for them on input
				1847	-L [or --Linux]: do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux
				1848	-q [or --quiet]: suppress warning messages
				1849	You can override the detected geometry using:
				1850	-C# [or --cylinders #]:set the number of cylinders to use
				1851	-H# [or --heads #]: set the number of heads to use
				1852	-S# [or --sectors #]: set the number of sectors to use
				1853	</PRE>
				1854	<P>
				1855	You can disable all consistency checking with:
				1856
				1857	<P>
				1858	<PRE> -f [or --force]: do what I say, even if it is stupid
				1859	</PRE>
				1860	<P>
				1861	-------------------------------
				1862
				1863	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_sleep">sleep</A></STRONG><DD>
				1864	<P>
				1865	Usage: sleep N
				1866
				1867	<P>
				1868	Pause for N seconds.
				1869
				1870	<P>
				1871	Example:
				1872
				1873	<P>
				1874	<PRE> $ sleep 2
				1875	[2 second delay results]
				1876	</PRE>
				1877	<P>
				1878	-------------------------------
				1879
				1880	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_sort">sort</A></STRONG><DD>
				1881	<P>
				1882	Usage: sort [<STRONG>-n</STRONG>] [<STRONG>-r</STRONG>] [FILE]...
				1883
				1884	<P>
				1885	Sorts lines of text in the specified files
				1886
				1887	<P>
				1888	Example:
				1889
				1890	<P>
				1891	<PRE> $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" \| sort
				1892	a
				1893	b
				1894	c
				1895	d
				1896	e
				1897	f
				1898	</PRE>
				1899	<P>
				1900	-------------------------------
				1901
				1902	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_sync">sync</A></STRONG><DD>
				1903	<P>
				1904	Usage: sync
				1905
				1906	<P>
				1907	Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.
				1908
				1909	<P>
				1910	-------------------------------
				1911
				1912	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_syslogd">syslogd</A></STRONG><DD>
				1913	<P>
				1914	Usage: syslogd [OPTION]...
				1915
				1916	<P>
				1917	Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility. Note that this
				1918	version of syslogd/klogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.
				1919
				1920	<P>
				1921	Options:
				1922
				1923	<P>
				1924	<PRE> -m Change the mark timestamp interval. default=20min. 0=off
				1925	-n Do not fork into the background (for when run by init)
				1926	-K Do not start up the klogd process (by default syslogd spawns klogd).
				1927	-O Specify an alternate log file. default=/var/log/messages
				1928	</PRE>
				1929	<P>
				1930	-------------------------------
				1931
				1932	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_swapon">swapon</A></STRONG><DD>
				1933	<P>
				1934	Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device]
				1935
				1936	<P>
				1937	Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
				1938
				1939	<P>
				1940	Options:
				1941
				1942	<P>
				1943	<PRE> -a Start swapping on all swap devices
				1944	</PRE>
				1945	<P>
				1946	-------------------------------
				1947
				1948	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_swapoff">swapoff</A></STRONG><DD>
				1949	<P>
				1950	Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device]
				1951
				1952	<P>
				1953	Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.
				1954
				1955	<P>
				1956	Options:
				1957
				1958	<P>
				1959	<PRE> -a Stop swapping on all swap devices
				1960	</PRE>
				1961	<P>
				1962	-------------------------------
				1963
				1964	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_tail">tail</A></STRONG><DD>
				1965	<P>
				1966	Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]...
				1967
				1968	<P>
				1969	Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one
				1970	FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or
				1971	when FILE is -, read standard input.
				1972
				1973	<P>
				1974	Options:
				1975
				1976	<P>
				1977	<PRE> -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of first 10
				1978	-f Output data as the file grows. This version
				1979	of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time.
				1980	</PRE>
				1981	<P>
				1982	Example:
				1983
				1984	<P>
				1985	<PRE> $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
				1986	nameserver 10.0.0.1
				1987	</PRE>
				1988	<P>
				1989	-------------------------------
				1990
				1991	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_tar">tar</A></STRONG><DD>
				1992	<P>
				1993	Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [<STRONG>--exclude</STRONG> File] [<STRONG>-f</STRONG> tarFile] [FILE] ...
				1994
				1995	<P>
				1996	Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. Note that this version of
				1997	tar treats hard links as separate files.
				1998
				1999	<P>
				2000	Main operation mode:
				2001
				2002	<P>
				2003	<PRE> c create
				2004	x extract
				2005	t list
				2006	</PRE>
				2007	<P>
				2008	File selection:
				2009
				2010	<P>
				2011	<PRE> f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
				2012	O extract to stdout
				2013	--exclude file to exclude
				2014	</PRE>
				2015	<P>
				2016	Informative output:
				2017
				2018	<P>
				2019	<PRE> v verbosely list files processed
				2020	</PRE>
				2021	<P>
				2022	Example:
				2023
				2024	<P>
				2025	<PRE> $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz \| tar -xf -
				2026	$ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local
				2027	</PRE>
				2028	<P>
				2029	-------------------------------
				2030
				2031	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_test">test, [</A></STRONG><DD>
				2032	<P>
				2033	Usage: test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ]
				2034
				2035	<P>
				2036	Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code determined by
				2037	the value of EXPRESSION.
				2038
				2039	<P>
				2040	Example:
				2041
				2042	<P>
				2043	<PRE> $ test 1 -eq 2
				2044	$ echo $?
				2045	1
				2046	$ test 1 -eq 1
				2047	$ echo $?
				2048	0
				2049	$ [ -d /etc ]
				2050	$ echo $?
				2051	0
				2052	$ [ -d /junk ]
				2053	$ echo $?
				2054	1
				2055	</PRE>
				2056	<P>
				2057	-------------------------------
				2058
				2059	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_tee">tee</A></STRONG><DD>
				2060	<P>
				2061	Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...
				2062
				2063	<P>
				2064	Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.
				2065
				2066	<P>
				2067	Options:
				2068
				2069	<P>
				2070	<PRE> -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
				2071	</PRE>
				2072	<P>
				2073	Example:
				2074
				2075	<P>
				2076	<PRE> $ echo "Hello" \| tee /tmp/foo
				2077	$ cat /tmp/foo
				2078	Hello
				2079	</PRE>
				2080	<P>
				2081	-------------------------------
				2082
				2083	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_touch">touch</A></STRONG><DD>
				2084	<P>
				2085	Usage: touch [<STRONG>-c</STRONG>] file [file ...]
				2086
				2087	<P>
				2088	Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected file[s].
				2089
				2090	<P>
				2091	Example:
				2092
				2093	<P>
				2094	<PRE> $ ls -l /tmp/foo
				2095	/bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
				2096	$ touch /tmp/foo
				2097	$ ls -l /tmp/foo
				2098	-rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo
				2099	</PRE>
				2100	<P>
				2101	-------------------------------
				2102
				2103	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_tr">tr</A></STRONG><DD>
				2104	<P>
				2105	Usage: tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]
				2106
				2107	<P>
				2108	Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing
				2109	to standard output.
				2110
				2111	<P>
				2112	Options:
				2113
				2114	<P>
				2115	<PRE> -c take complement of STRING1
				2116	-d delete input characters coded STRING1
				2117	-s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
				2118	</PRE>
				2119	<P>
				2120	Example:
				2121
				2122	<P>
				2123	<PRE> $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" \| tr [a-y] [b-z]
				2124	hello world
				2125	</PRE>
				2126	<P>
				2127	-------------------------------
				2128
				2129	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_true">true</A></STRONG><DD>
				2130	<P>
				2131	Returns an exit code of TRUE (0)
				2132
				2133	<P>
				2134	Example:
				2135
				2136	<P>
				2137	<PRE> $ true
				2138	$ echo $?
				2139	0
				2140	</PRE>
				2141	<P>
				2142	-------------------------------
				2143
				2144	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_tty">tty</A></STRONG><DD>
				2145	<P>
				2146	Usage: tty
				2147
				2148	<P>
				2149	Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
				2150
				2151	<P>
				2152	Options:
				2153
				2154	<P>
				2155	<PRE> -s print nothing, only return an exit status
				2156	</PRE>
				2157	<P>
				2158	Example:
				2159
				2160	<P>
				2161	<PRE> $ tty
				2162	/dev/tty2
				2163	</PRE>
				2164	<P>
				2165	-------------------------------
				2166
				2167	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_umount">umount</A></STRONG><DD>
				2168	<P>
				2169	Usage: umount [flags] filesystem\|directory
				2170
				2171	<P>
				2172	Flags:
				2173
				2174	<P>
				2175	<PRE> -a: Unmount all file systems
				2176	-r: Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
				2177	-f: Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
				2178	-l: Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)
				2179	</PRE>
				2180	<P>
				2181	Example:
				2182
				2183	<P>
				2184	<PRE> $ umount /dev/hdc1
				2185	</PRE>
				2186	<P>
				2187	-------------------------------
				2188
				2189	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_uname">uname</A></STRONG><DD>
				2190	<P>
				2191	Usage: uname [OPTION]...
				2192
				2193	<P>
				2194	Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as <STRONG>-s</STRONG>.
				2195
				2196	<P>
				2197	Options:
				2198
				2199	<P>
				2200	<PRE> -a print all information
				2201	-m the machine (hardware) type
				2202	-n print the machine's network node hostname
				2203	-r print the operating system release
				2204	-s print the operating system name
				2205	-p print the host processor type
				2206	-v print the operating system version
				2207	</PRE>
				2208	<P>
				2209	Example:
				2210
				2211	<P>
				2212	<PRE> $ uname -a
				2213	Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown
				2214	</PRE>
				2215	<P>
				2216	-------------------------------
				2217
				2218	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_uniq">uniq</A></STRONG><DD>
				2219	<P>
				2220	Usage: uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]
				2221
				2222	<P>
				2223	Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard
				2224	input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).
				2225
				2226	<P>
				2227	Example:
				2228
				2229	<P>
				2230	<PRE> $ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" \| sort \| uniq
				2231	a
				2232	b
				2233	c
				2234	</PRE>
				2235	<P>
				2236	-------------------------------
				2237
				2238	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_update">update</A></STRONG><DD>
				2239	<P>
				2240	Usage: update [options]
				2241
				2242	<P>
				2243	Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.
				2244
				2245	<P>
				2246	Options:
				2247
				2248	<P>
				2249	<PRE> -S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
				2250	-s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
				2251	-f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)
				2252	</PRE>
				2253	<P>
				2254	-------------------------------
				2255
				2256	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_uptime">uptime</A></STRONG><DD>
				2257	<P>
				2258	Usage: uptime
				2259
				2260	<P>
				2261	Tells how long the system has been running since boot.
				2262
				2263	<P>
				2264	Example:
				2265
				2266	<P>
				2267	<PRE> $ uptime
				2268	1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00
				2269	</PRE>
				2270	<P>
				2271	-------------------------------
				2272
				2273	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_usleep">usleep</A></STRONG><DD>
				2274	<P>
				2275	Usage: usleep N
				2276
				2277	<P>
				2278	Pauses for N microseconds.
				2279
				2280	<P>
				2281	Example:
				2282
				2283	<P>
				2284	<PRE> $ usleep 1000000
				2285	[pauses for 1 second]
				2286	</PRE>
				2287	<P>
				2288	-------------------------------
				2289
				2290	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_wc">wc</A></STRONG><DD>
				2291	<P>
				2292	Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...
				2293
				2294	<P>
				2295	Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more
				2296	than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.
				2297
				2298	<P>
				2299	Options:
				2300
				2301	<P>
				2302	<PRE> -c print the byte counts
				2303	-l print the newline counts
				2304	-L print the length of the longest line
				2305	-w print the word counts
				2306	</PRE>
				2307	<P>
				2308	Example:
				2309
				2310	<P>
				2311	<PRE> $ wc /etc/passwd
				2312	31 46 1365 /etc/passwd
				2313	</PRE>
				2314	<P>
				2315	-------------------------------
				2316
				2317	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_whoami">whoami</A></STRONG><DD>
				2318	<P>
				2319	Usage: whoami
				2320
				2321	<P>
				2322	Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id.
				2323
				2324	<P>
				2325	Example:
				2326
				2327	<P>
				2328	<PRE> $ whoami
				2329	andersen
				2330	</PRE>
				2331	<P>
				2332	-------------------------------
				2333
				2334	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_yes">yes</A></STRONG><DD>
				2335	<P>
				2336	Usage: yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...
				2337
				2338	<P>
				2339	Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified <CODE>STRING(s),</CODE> or
				2340	`y'.
				2341
				2342	<P>
				2343	-------------------------------
				2344
				2345	<DT><STRONG><A NAME="item_zcat">zcat</A></STRONG><DD>
				2346	<P>
				2347	This is essentially an alias for invoking ``gunzip <STRONG>-c</STRONG>'', where it decompresses the file inquestion and send the output to
				2348	stdout.
				2349
				2350	<P>
				2351	-------------------------------
				2352
				2353	</DL>
				2354	<P>
				2355	<HR>
				2356	<H1><A NAME="LIBC_NSS">LIBC NSS</A></H1>
				2357	<P>
				2358	GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of
				2359	the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads
				2360	system data, such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it
				2361	Policy that it will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that
				2362	make use of NSS. This allows you to run an embedded system without the need
				2363	for installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_*
				2364	libraries installed.
				2365
				2366	<P>
				2367	If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for
				2368	authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will
				2369	need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have
				2370	enough space to install of that stuff on your system, then you probably
				2371	want the full GNU utilities.
				2372
				2373	<P>
				2374	<HR>
				2375	<H1><A NAME="SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</A></H1>
				2376	<P>
				2377	<CODE>textutils(1),</CODE> <CODE>shellutils(1),</CODE> etc...
				2378
				2379	<P>
				2380	<HR>
				2381	<H1><A NAME="MAINTAINER">MAINTAINER</A></H1>
				2382	<P>
				2383	Erik Andersen <<A
				2384	HREF="mailto:andersee@debian.org">andersee@debian.org</A>> <<A
				2385	HREF="mailto:andersen@lineo.com">andersen@lineo.com</A>>
				2386
				2387	<P>
				2388	<HR>
				2389	<H1><A NAME="AUTHORS">AUTHORS</A></H1>
				2390	<P>
				2391	The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it
				2392	or not.
				2393
				2394	<P>
				2395	Erik Andersen <<A
				2396	HREF="mailto:andersee@debian.org">andersee@debian.org</A>>
				2397
				2398	<br>
				2399
				2400	<P>
				2401	John Beppu <<A HREF="mailto:beppu@lineo.com">beppu@lineo.com</A>>
				2402
				2403	<br>
				2404
				2405	<P>
				2406	Brian Candler <<A
				2407	HREF="mailto:B.Candler@pobox.com">B.Candler@pobox.com</A>>
				2408
				2409	<br>
				2410
				2411	<P>
				2412	Randolph Chung <<A
				2413	HREF="mailto:tausq@debian.org">tausq@debian.org</A>>
				2414
				2415	<br>
				2416
				2417	<P>
				2418	Dave Cinege <<A
				2419	HREF="mailto:dcinege@psychosis.com">dcinege@psychosis.com</A>>
				2420
				2421	<br>
				2422
				2423	<P>
				2424	Karl M. Hegbloom <<A
				2425	HREF="mailto:karlheg@debian.org">karlheg@debian.org</A>>
				2426
				2427	<br>
				2428
				2429	<P>
				2430	John Lombardo <<A
				2431	HREF="mailto:john@deltanet.com">john@deltanet.com</A>>
				2432
				2433	<br>
				2434
				2435	<P>
				2436	Bruce Perens <<A HREF="mailto:bruce@perens.com">bruce@perens.com</A>>
				2437
				2438	<br>
				2439
				2440	<P>
				2441	Linus Torvalds <<A
				2442	HREF="mailto:torvalds@transmeta.com">torvalds@transmeta.com</A>>
				2443
				2444	<br>
				2445
				2446	<P>
				2447	Charles P. Wright <<A
				2448	HREF="mailto:cpwright@villagenet.com">cpwright@villagenet.com</A>>
				2449
				2450	<br>
				2451
				2452	<P>
				2453	Enrique Zanardi <<A
				2454	HREF="mailto:ezanardi@ull.es">ezanardi@ull.es</A>>
				2455
				2456	<br>
				2457
				2458	</BODY>
				2459
				2460	</HTML>