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# Copyright (c) 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at:
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""QEMU utilities library."""
from time import time, sleep
import json
import logging
from vpplib.VPPUtil import VPPUtil
from vpplib.constants import Constants
class NodeType(object):
"""Defines node types used in topology dictionaries."""
# Device Under Test (this node has VPP running on it)
DUT = 'DUT'
# Traffic Generator (this node has traffic generator on it)
TG = 'TG'
# Virtual Machine (this node running on DUT node)
VM = 'VM'
class QemuUtils(object):
"""QEMU utilities."""
# noinspection PyDictCreation
def __init__(self, qemu_id=1):
self._qemu_id = qemu_id
# Path to QEMU binary
self._qemu_bin = '/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64'
# QEMU Machine Protocol socket
self._qmp_sock = '/tmp/qmp{0}.sock'.format(self._qemu_id)
# QEMU Guest Agent socket
self._qga_sock = '/tmp/qga{0}.sock'.format(self._qemu_id)
# QEMU PID file
self._pid_file = '/tmp/qemu{0}.pid'.format(self._qemu_id)
self._qemu_opt = {}
# Default 1 CPU.
self._qemu_opt['smp'] = '-smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1'
# Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. Default one
# management interface.
self._qemu_opt['options'] = '-cpu host -daemonize -enable-kvm ' \
'-machine pc,accel=kvm,usb=off,mem-merge=off ' \
'-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:00:{0:02x}:ff -balloon none'\
.format(self._qemu_id)
self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'] = 10021 + qemu_id
# Default serial console port
self._qemu_opt['serial_port'] = 4555 + qemu_id
# Default 512MB virtual RAM
self._qemu_opt['mem_size'] = 512
# Default huge page mount point, required for Vhost-user interfaces.
self._qemu_opt['huge_mnt'] = '/mnt/huge'
# Default do not allocate huge pages.
self._qemu_opt['huge_allocate'] = False
# Default image for CSIT virl setup
self._qemu_opt['disk_image'] = '/var/lib/vm/vhost-nested.img'
# VM node info dict
self._vm_info = {
'type': NodeType.VM,
'port': self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'],
'username': 'cisco',
'password': 'cisco',
'interfaces': {},
}
# Virtio queue count
self._qemu_opt['queues'] = 1
self._vhost_id = 0
self._ssh = None
self._node = None
self._socks = [self._qmp_sock, self._qga_sock]
def qemu_set_bin(self, path):
"""Set binary path for QEMU.
:param path: Absolute path in filesystem.
:type path: str
"""
self._qemu_bin = path
def qemu_set_smp(self, cpus, cores, threads, sockets):
"""Set SMP option for QEMU.
:param cpus: Number of CPUs.
:param cores: Number of CPU cores on one socket.
:param threads: Number of threads on one CPU core.
:param sockets: Number of discrete sockets in the system.
:type cpus: int
:type cores: int
:type threads: int
:type sockets: int
"""
self._qemu_opt['smp'] = '-smp {},cores={},threads={},sockets={}'.format(
cpus, cores, threads, sockets)
def qemu_set_ssh_fwd_port(self, fwd_port):
"""Set host port for guest SSH forwarding.
:param fwd_port: Port number on host for guest SSH forwarding.
:type fwd_port: int
"""
self._qemu_opt['ssh_fwd_port'] = fwd_port
self._vm_info['port'] = fwd_port
def qemu_set_serial_port(self, port):
"""Set serial console port.
:param port: Serial console port.
:type port: int
"""
self._qemu_opt['serial_port'] = port
def qemu_set_mem_size(self, mem_size):
"""Set virtual RAM size.
:param mem_size: RAM size in Mega Bytes.
:type mem_size: int
"""
self._qemu_opt['mem_size'] = int(mem_size)
def qemu_set_huge_mnt(self, huge_mnt):
"""Set hugefile mount point.
:param huge_mnt: System hugefile mount point.
:type huge_mnt: int
"""
self._qemu_opt['huge_mnt'] = huge_mnt
def qemu_set_huge_allocate(self):
"""Set flag to allocate more huge pages if needed."""
self._qemu_opt['huge_allocate'] = True
def qemu_set_disk_image(self, disk_image):
"""Set disk image.
:param disk_image: Path of the disk image.
:type disk_image: str
"""
self._qemu_opt['disk_image'] = disk_image
def qemu_set_affinity(self, *host_cpus):
"""Set qemu affinity by getting thread PIDs via QMP and taskset to list
of CPU cores.
:param host_cpus: List of CPU cores.
:type host_cpus: list
"""
qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-cpus')['return']
if len(qemu_cpus) != len(host_cpus):
logging.debug('Host CPU count {0}, Qemu Thread count {1}'.format(
len(host_cpus), len(qemu_cpus)))
raise ValueError('Host CPU count must match Qemu Thread count')
for qemu_cpu, host_cpu in zip(qemu_cpus, host_cpus):
cmd = 'taskset -pc {0} {1}'.format(host_cpu, qemu_cpu['thread_id'])
(ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('Set affinity failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('Set affinity failed on {0}'.format(
self._node['host']))
def qemu_set_scheduler_policy(self):
"""Set scheduler policy to SCHED_RR with priority 1 for all Qemu CPU
processes.
:raises RuntimeError: Set scheduler policy failed.
"""
qemu_cpus = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-cpus')['return']
for qemu_cpu in qemu_cpus:
cmd = 'chrt -r -p 1 {0}'.format(qemu_cpu['thread_id'])
(ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('Set SCHED_RR failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('Set SCHED_RR failed on {0}'.format(
self._node['host']))
def qemu_set_node(self, node):
"""Set node to run QEMU on.
:param node: Node to run QEMU on.
:type node: dict
"""
self._node = node
self._vm_info['host'] = node['host']
def qemu_add_vhost_user_if(self, socket, server=True, mac=None):
"""Add Vhost-user interface.
:param socket: Path of the unix socket.
:param server: If True the socket shall be a listening socket.
:param mac: Vhost-user interface MAC address (optional, otherwise is
used auto-generated MAC 52:54:00:00:xx:yy).
:type socket: str
:type server: bool
:type mac: str
"""
self._vhost_id += 1
# Create unix socket character device.
chardev = ' -chardev socket,id=char{0},path={1}'.format(self._vhost_id,
socket)
if server is True:
chardev += ',server'
self._qemu_opt['options'] += chardev
# Create Vhost-user network backend.
netdev = (' -netdev vhost-user,id=vhost{0},chardev=char{0},queues={1}'
.format(self._vhost_id, self._qemu_opt['queues']))
self._qemu_opt['options'] += netdev
# If MAC is not specified use auto-generated MAC address based on
# template 52:54:00:00:<qemu_id>:<vhost_id>, e.g. vhost1 MAC of QEMU
# with ID 1 is 52:54:00:00:01:01
if mac is None:
mac = '52:54:00:00:{0:02x}:{1:02x}'.\
format(self._qemu_id, self._vhost_id)
extend_options = 'mq=on,csum=off,gso=off,guest_tso4=off,'\
'guest_tso6=off,guest_ecn=off,mrg_rxbuf=off'
# Create Virtio network device.
device = ' -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=vhost{0},mac={1},{2}'.format(
self._vhost_id, mac, extend_options)
self._qemu_opt['options'] += device
# Add interface MAC and socket to the node dict
if_data = {'mac_address': mac, 'socket': socket}
if_name = 'vhost{}'.format(self._vhost_id)
self._vm_info['interfaces'][if_name] = if_data
# Add socket to the socket list
self._socks.append(socket)
def _qemu_qmp_exec(self, cmd):
"""Execute QMP command.
QMP is JSON based protocol which allows to control QEMU instance.
:param cmd: QMP command to execute.
:type cmd: str
:return: Command output in python representation of JSON format. The
{ "return": {} } response is QMP's success response. An error
response will contain the "error" keyword instead of "return".
"""
# To enter command mode, the qmp_capabilities command must be issued.
qmp_cmd = 'echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"qmp_capabilities\\" }' \
'{ \\"execute\\": \\"' + cmd + \
'\\" }" | sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:' + self._qmp_sock
(ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qmp_cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('QMP execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('QMP execute "{0}"'
' failed on {1}'.format(cmd, self._node['host']))
logging.debug(stdout)
# Skip capabilities negotiation messages.
out_list = stdout.splitlines()
if len(out_list) < 3:
raise RuntimeError('Invalid QMP output on {0}'.format(
self._node['host']))
return json.loads(out_list[2])
def _qemu_qga_flush(self):
"""Flush the QGA parser state
"""
qga_cmd = '(printf "\xFF"; sleep 1) | sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:' + \
self._qga_sock
# TODO: probably need something else
(ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qga_cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('QGA execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('QGA execute "{0}" '
'failed on {1}'.format(qga_cmd,
self._node['host']))
logging.debug(stdout)
if not stdout:
return {}
return json.loads(stdout.split('\n', 1)[0])
def _qemu_qga_exec(self, cmd):
"""Execute QGA command.
QGA provide access to a system-level agent via standard QMP commands.
:param cmd: QGA command to execute.
:type cmd: str
"""
qga_cmd = '(echo "{ \\"execute\\": \\"' + \
cmd + \
'\\" }"; sleep 1) | sudo -S socat - UNIX-CONNECT:' + \
self._qga_sock
(ret_code, stdout, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command(qga_cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('QGA execute failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('QGA execute "{0}"'
' failed on {1}'.format(cmd, self._node['host']))
logging.debug(stdout)
if not stdout:
return {}
return json.loads(stdout.split('\n', 1)[0])
def _wait_until_vm_boot(self, timeout=60):
"""Wait until QEMU VM is booted.
Ping QEMU guest agent each 5s until VM booted or timeout.
:param timeout: Waiting timeout in seconds (optional, default 60s).
:type timeout: int
"""
start = time()
while True:
if time() - start > timeout:
raise RuntimeError('timeout, VM {0} not booted on {1}'.format(
self._qemu_opt['disk_image'], self._node['host']))
out = None
try:
self._qemu_qga_flush()
out = self._qemu_qga_exec('guest-ping')
except ValueError:
logging.debug('QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}'.format(out))
# Empty output - VM not booted yet
if not out:
sleep(5)
# Non-error return - VM booted
elif out.get('return') is not None:
break
# Skip error and wait
elif out.get('error') is not None:
sleep(5)
else:
# If there is an unexpected output from QGA guest-info, try
# again until timeout.
logging.debug('QGA guest-ping unexpected output {}'.format(out))
logging.debug('VM {0} booted on {1}'.format(self._qemu_opt['disk_image'],
self._node['host']))
def _update_vm_interfaces(self):
"""Update interface names in VM node dict."""
# Send guest-network-get-interfaces command via QGA, output example:
# {"return": [{"name": "eth0", "hardware-address": "52:54:00:00:04:01"},
# {"name": "eth1", "hardware-address": "52:54:00:00:04:02"}]}
out = self._qemu_qga_exec('guest-network-get-interfaces')
interfaces = out.get('return')
mac_name = {}
if not interfaces:
raise RuntimeError('Get VM {0} interface list failed on {1}'.format(
self._qemu_opt['disk_image'], self._node['host']))
# Create MAC-name dict
for interface in interfaces:
if 'hardware-address' not in interface:
continue
mac_name[interface['hardware-address']] = interface['name']
# Match interface by MAC and save interface name
for interface in self._vm_info['interfaces'].values():
mac = interface.get('mac_address')
if_name = mac_name.get(mac)
if if_name is None:
logging.debug('Interface name for MAC {} not found'.format(mac))
else:
interface['name'] = if_name
def _huge_page_check(self, allocate=False):
"""Huge page check."""
huge_mnt = self._qemu_opt.get('huge_mnt')
mem_size = self._qemu_opt.get('mem_size')
# Get huge pages information
huge_size = self._get_huge_page_size()
huge_free = self._get_huge_page_free(huge_size)
huge_total = self._get_huge_page_total(huge_size)
# Check if memory reqested by qemu is available on host
if (mem_size * 1024) > (huge_free * huge_size):
# If we want to allocate hugepage dynamically
if allocate:
mem_needed = abs((huge_free * huge_size) - (mem_size * 1024))
huge_to_allocate = ((mem_needed / huge_size) * 2) + huge_total
max_map_count = huge_to_allocate*4
# Increase maximum number of memory map areas a process may have
cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count'.format(
max_map_count)
(ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
# Increase hugepage count
cmd = 'echo "{0}" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages'.format(
huge_to_allocate)
(ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('Mount huge pages failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('Mount huge pages failed on {0}'.format(
self._node['host']))
# If we do not want to allocate dynamicaly end with error
else:
raise RuntimeError(
'Not enough free huge pages: {0}, '
'{1} MB'.format(huge_free, huge_free * huge_size)
)
# Check if huge pages mount point exist
has_huge_mnt = False
(_, output, _) = self._ssh.exec_command('cat /proc/mounts')
for line in output.splitlines():
# Try to find something like:
# none /mnt/huge hugetlbfs rw,relatime,pagesize=2048k 0 0
mount = line.split()
if mount[2] == 'hugetlbfs' and mount[1] == huge_mnt:
has_huge_mnt = True
break
# If huge page mount point not exist create one
if not has_huge_mnt:
cmd = 'mkdir -p {0}'.format(huge_mnt)
(ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('Create mount dir failed: {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('Create mount dir failed on {0}'.format(
self._node['host']))
cmd = 'mount -t hugetlbfs -o pagesize=2048k none {0}'.format(
huge_mnt)
(ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('Mount huge pages failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('Mount huge pages failed on {0}'.format(
self._node['host']))
def _get_huge_page_size(self):
"""Get default size of huge pages in system.
:returns: Default size of free huge pages in system.
:rtype: int
:raises: RuntimeError if reading failed for three times.
"""
# TODO: remove to dedicated library
cmd_huge_size = "grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk '{ print $2 }'"
for _ in range(3):
(ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_size)
if ret == 0:
try:
huge_size = int(out)
except ValueError:
logging.debug('Reading huge page size information failed')
else:
break
else:
raise RuntimeError('Getting huge page size information failed.')
return huge_size
def _get_huge_page_free(self, huge_size):
"""Get total number of huge pages in system.
:param huge_size: Size of hugepages.
:type huge_size: int
:returns: Number of free huge pages in system.
:rtype: int
:raises: RuntimeError if reading failed for three times.
"""
# TODO: add numa aware option
# TODO: remove to dedicated library
cmd_huge_free = 'cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/'\
'free_hugepages'.format(huge_size)
for _ in range(3):
(ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_free)
if ret == 0:
try:
huge_free = int(out)
except ValueError:
logging.debug('Reading free huge pages information failed')
else:
break
else:
raise RuntimeError('Getting free huge pages information failed.')
return huge_free
def _get_huge_page_total(self, huge_size):
"""Get total number of huge pages in system.
:param huge_size: Size of hugepages.
:type huge_size: int
:returns: Total number of huge pages in system.
:rtype: int
:raises: RuntimeError if reading failed for three times.
"""
# TODO: add numa aware option
# TODO: remove to dedicated library
cmd_huge_total = 'cat /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-{0}kB/'\
'nr_hugepages'.format(huge_size)
for _ in range(3):
(ret, out, _) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd_huge_total)
if ret == 0:
try:
huge_total = int(out)
except ValueError:
logging.debug('Reading total huge pages information failed')
else:
break
else:
raise RuntimeError('Getting total huge pages information failed.')
return huge_total
def qemu_start(self):
"""Start QEMU and wait until VM boot.
:return: VM node info.
:rtype: dict
.. note:: First set at least node to run QEMU on.
.. warning:: Starts only one VM on the node.
"""
# SSH forwarding
ssh_fwd = '-net user,hostfwd=tcp::{0}-:22'.format(
self._qemu_opt.get('ssh_fwd_port'))
# Memory and huge pages
mem = '-object memory-backend-file,id=mem,size={0}M,mem-path={1},' \
'share=on -m {0} -numa node,memdev=mem'.format(
self._qemu_opt.get('mem_size'), self._qemu_opt.get('huge_mnt'))
# By default check only if hugepages are available.
# If 'huge_allocate' is set to true try to allocate as well.
self._huge_page_check(allocate=self._qemu_opt.get('huge_allocate'))
# Disk option
drive = '-drive file={0},format=raw,cache=none,if=virtio'.format(
self._qemu_opt.get('disk_image'))
# Setup QMP via unix socket
qmp = '-qmp unix:{0},server,nowait'.format(self._qmp_sock)
# Setup serial console
serial = '-chardev socket,host=127.0.0.1,port={0},id=gnc0,server,' \
'nowait -device isa-serial,chardev=gnc0'.format(
self._qemu_opt.get('serial_port'))
# Setup QGA via chardev (unix socket) and isa-serial channel
qga = '-chardev socket,path={0},server,nowait,id=qga0 ' \
'-device isa-serial,chardev=qga0'.format(self._qga_sock)
# Graphic setup
graphic = '-monitor none -display none -vga none'
# PID file
pid = '-pidfile {}'.format(self._pid_file)
# Run QEMU
cmd = '{0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10}'.format(
self._qemu_bin, self._qemu_opt.get('smp'), mem, ssh_fwd,
self._qemu_opt.get('options'),
drive, qmp, serial, qga, graphic, pid)
(ret_code, _, stderr) = self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd, timeout=300)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('QEMU start failed {0}'.format(stderr))
raise RuntimeError('QEMU start failed on {0}'.format(
self._node['host']))
logging.debug('QEMU running')
# Wait until VM boot
try:
self._wait_until_vm_boot()
except RuntimeError:
self.qemu_kill_all()
self.qemu_clear_socks()
raise
# Update interface names in VM node dict
self._update_vm_interfaces()
# Return VM node dict
return self._vm_info
def qemu_quit(self):
"""Quit the QEMU emulator."""
out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('quit')
err = out.get('error')
if err is not None:
raise RuntimeError('QEMU quit failed on {0}, error: {1}'.format(
self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
def qemu_system_powerdown(self):
"""Power down the system (if supported)."""
out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('system_powerdown')
err = out.get('error')
if err is not None:
raise RuntimeError(
'QEMU system powerdown failed on {0}, '
'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err))
)
def qemu_system_reset(self):
"""Reset the system."""
out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('system_reset')
err = out.get('error')
if err is not None:
raise RuntimeError(
'QEMU system reset failed on {0}, '
'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
def qemu_kill(self):
"""Kill qemu process."""
# Note: in QEMU start phase there are 3 QEMU processes because we
# daemonize QEMU
self._ssh.exec_command_sudo('chmod +r {}'.format(self._pid_file))
self._ssh.exec_command_sudo('kill -SIGKILL $(cat {})'
.format(self._pid_file))
# Delete PID file
cmd = 'rm -f {}'.format(self._pid_file)
self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
def qemu_kill_all(self, node=None):
"""Kill all qemu processes on DUT node if specified.
:param node: Node to kill all QEMU processes on.
:type node: dict
"""
if node:
self.qemu_set_node(node)
self._ssh.exec_command_sudo('pkill -SIGKILL qemu')
def qemu_clear_socks(self):
"""Remove all sockets created by QEMU."""
# If serial console port still open kill process
cmd = 'fuser -k {}/tcp'.format(self._qemu_opt.get('serial_port'))
self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
# Delete all created sockets
for sock in self._socks:
cmd = 'rm -f {}'.format(sock)
self._ssh.exec_command_sudo(cmd)
def qemu_system_status(self):
"""Return current VM status.
VM should be in following status:
- debug: QEMU running on a debugger
- finish-migrate: paused to finish the migration process
- inmigrate: waiting for an incoming migration
- internal-error: internal error has occurred
- io-error: the last IOP has failed
- paused: paused
- postmigrate: paused following a successful migrate
- prelaunch: QEMU was started with -S and guest has not started
- restore-vm: paused to restore VM state
- running: actively running
- save-vm: paused to save the VM state
- shutdown: shut down (and -no-shutdown is in use)
- suspended: suspended (ACPI S3)
- watchdog: watchdog action has been triggered
- guest-panicked: panicked as a result of guest OS panic
:return: VM status.
:rtype: str
"""
out = self._qemu_qmp_exec('query-status')
ret = out.get('return')
if ret is not None:
return ret.get('status')
else:
err = out.get('error')
raise RuntimeError(
'QEMU query-status failed on {0}, '
'error: {1}'.format(self._node['host'], json.dumps(err)))
@staticmethod
def build_qemu(node, force_install=False, apply_patch=False):
"""Build QEMU from sources.
:param node: Node to build QEMU on.
:param force_install: If True, then remove previous build.
:param apply_patch: If True, then apply patches from qemu_patches dir.
:type node: dict
:type force_install: bool
:type apply_patch: bool
:raises: RuntimeError if building QEMU failed.
"""
directory = ' --directory={0}'.format(Constants.QEMU_INSTALL_DIR)
version = ' --version={0}'.format(Constants.QEMU_INSTALL_VERSION)
force = ' --force' if force_install else ''
patch = ' --patch' if apply_patch else ''
(ret_code, stdout, stderr) = VPPUtil. \
exec_command(
"sudo -E sh -c '{0}/{1}/qemu_build.sh{2}{3}{4}{5}'".
format(Constants.REMOTE_FW_DIR, Constants.RESOURCES_LIB_SH,
version, directory, force, patch), 1000)
if int(ret_code) != 0:
logging.debug('QEMU build failed {0}'.format(stdout + stderr))
raise RuntimeError('QEMU build failed on {0}'.format(node['host']))