src/vpp-api/python/vpp_papi/vpp_papi.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (c) 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at:
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#

from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import absolute_import
import sys
import os
import logging
import collections
import struct
import functools
import json
import threading
import fnmatch
import weakref
import atexit
from . vpp_serializer import VPPType, VPPEnumType, VPPUnionType, BaseTypes
from . vpp_serializer import VPPMessage, vpp_get_type, VPPTypeAlias
from . macaddress import MACAddress, mac_pton, mac_ntop

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

if sys.version[0] == '2':
    import Queue as queue
else:
    import queue as queue


def metaclass(metaclass):
    @functools.wraps(metaclass)
    def wrapper(cls):
        return metaclass(cls.__name__, cls.__bases__, cls.__dict__.copy())

    return wrapper


class VppEnumType(type):
    def __getattr__(cls, name):
        t = vpp_get_type(name)
        return t.enum


@metaclass(VppEnumType)
class VppEnum(object):
    pass


def vpp_atexit(vpp_weakref):
    """Clean up VPP connection on shutdown."""
    vpp_instance = vpp_weakref()
    if vpp_instance and vpp_instance.transport.connected:
        vpp_instance.logger.debug('Cleaning up VPP on exit')
        vpp_instance.disconnect()


if sys.version[0] == '2':
    def vpp_iterator(d):
        return d.iteritems()
else:
    def vpp_iterator(d):
        return d.items()


def call_logger(msgdef, kwargs):
    s = 'Calling {}('.format(msgdef.name)
    for k, v in kwargs.items():
        s += '{}:{} '.format(k, v)
    s += ')'
    return s


def return_logger(r):
    s = 'Return from {}'.format(r)
    return s


class VppApiDynamicMethodHolder(object):
    pass


class FuncWrapper(object):
    def __init__(self, func):
        self._func = func
        self.__name__ = func.__name__

    def __call__(self, **kwargs):
        return self._func(**kwargs)


class VPPApiError(Exception):
    pass


class VPPNotImplementedError(NotImplementedError):
    pass


class VPPIOError(IOError):
    pass


class VPPRuntimeError(RuntimeError):
    pass


class VPPValueError(ValueError):
    pass


class VPP(object):
    """VPP interface.

    This class provides the APIs to VPP.  The APIs are loaded
    from provided .api.json files and makes functions accordingly.
    These functions are documented in the VPP .api files, as they
    are dynamically created.

    Additionally, VPP can send callback messages; this class
    provides a means to register a callback function to receive
    these messages in a background thread.
    """
    VPPApiError = VPPApiError
    VPPRuntimeError = VPPRuntimeError
    VPPValueError = VPPValueError
    VPPNotImplementedError = VPPNotImplementedError
    VPPIOError = VPPIOError

    def process_json_file(self, apidef_file):
        api = json.load(apidef_file)
        types = {}
        for t in api['enums']:
            t[0] = 'vl_api_' + t[0] + '_t'
            types[t[0]] = {'type': 'enum', 'data': t}
        for t in api['unions']:
            t[0] = 'vl_api_' + t[0] + '_t'
            types[t[0]] = {'type': 'union', 'data': t}
        for t in api['types']:
            t[0] = 'vl_api_' + t[0] + '_t'
            types[t[0]] = {'type': 'type', 'data': t}
        for t, v in api['aliases'].items():
            types['vl_api_' + t + '_t'] = {'type': 'alias', 'data': v}
        self.services.update(api['services'])

        i = 0
        while True:
            unresolved = {}
            for k, v in types.items():
                t = v['data']
                if not vpp_get_type(k):
                    if v['type'] == 'enum':
                        try:
                            VPPEnumType(t[0], t[1:])
                        except ValueError:
                            unresolved[k] = v
                    elif v['type'] == 'union':
                        try:
                            VPPUnionType(t[0], t[1:])
                        except ValueError:
                            unresolved[k] = v
                    elif v['type'] == 'type':
                        try:
                            VPPType(t[0], t[1:])
                        except ValueError:
                            unresolved[k] = v
                    elif v['type'] == 'alias':
                        try:
                            VPPTypeAlias(k, t)
                        except ValueError:
                            unresolved[k] = v
            if len(unresolved) == 0:
                break
            if i > 3:
                raise VPPValueError('Unresolved type definitions {}'
                                    .format(unresolved))
            types = unresolved
            i += 1

        for m in api['messages']:
            try:
                self.messages[m[0]] = VPPMessage(m[0], m[1:])
            except VPPNotImplementedError:
                self.logger.error('Not implemented error for {}'.format(m[0]))

    def __init__(self, apifiles=None, testmode=False, async_thread=True,
                 logger=None, loglevel=None,
                 read_timeout=5, use_socket=False,
                 server_address='/run/vpp-api.sock'):
        """Create a VPP API object.

        apifiles is a list of files containing API
        descriptions that will be loaded - methods will be
        dynamically created reflecting these APIs.  If not
        provided this will load the API files from VPP's
        default install location.

        logger, if supplied, is the logging logger object to log to.
        loglevel, if supplied, is the log level this logger is set
        to report at (from the loglevels in the logging module).
        """
        if logger is None:
            logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
            if loglevel is not None:
                logger.setLevel(loglevel)
        self.logger = logger

        self.messages = {}
        self.services = {}
        self.id_names = []
        self.id_msgdef = []
        self.header = VPPType('header', [['u16', 'msgid'],
                                         ['u32', 'client_index']])
        self.apifiles = []
        self.event_callback = None
        self.message_queue = queue.Queue()
        self.read_timeout = read_timeout
        self.async_thread = async_thread

        if use_socket:
            from . vpp_transport_socket import VppTransport
        else:
            from . vpp_transport_shmem import VppTransport

        if not apifiles:
            # Pick up API definitions from default directory
            try:
                apifiles = self.find_api_files()
            except RuntimeError:
                # In test mode we don't care that we can't find the API files
                if testmode:
                    apifiles = []
                else:
                    raise VPPRuntimeError

        for file in apifiles:
            with open(file) as apidef_file:
                self.process_json_file(apidef_file)

        self.apifiles = apifiles

        # Basic sanity check
        if len(self.messages) == 0 and not testmode:
            raise VPPValueError(1, 'Missing JSON message definitions')

        self.transport = VppTransport(self, read_timeout=read_timeout,
                                      server_address=server_address)
        # Make sure we allow VPP to clean up the message rings.
        atexit.register(vpp_atexit, weakref.ref(self))

    class ContextId(object):
        """Thread-safe provider of unique context IDs."""
        def __init__(self):
            self.context = 0
            self.lock = threading.Lock()

        def __call__(self):
            """Get a new unique (or, at least, not recently used) context."""
            with self.lock:
                self.context += 1
                return self.context
    get_context = ContextId()

    def get_type(self, name):
        return vpp_get_type(name)

    @classmethod
    def find_api_dir(cls):
        """Attempt to find the best directory in which API definition
        files may reside. If the value VPP_API_DIR exists in the environment
        then it is first on the search list. If we're inside a recognized
        location in a VPP source tree (src/scripts and src/vpp-api/python)
        then entries from there to the likely locations in build-root are
        added. Finally the location used by system packages is added.

        :returns: A single directory name, or None if no such directory
            could be found.
        """
        dirs = []

        if 'VPP_API_DIR' in os.environ:
            dirs.append(os.environ['VPP_API_DIR'])

        # perhaps we're in the 'src/scripts' or 'src/vpp-api/python' dir;
        # in which case, plot a course to likely places in the src tree
        import __main__ as main
        if hasattr(main, '__file__'):
            # get the path of the calling script
            localdir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(main.__file__))
        else:
            # use cwd if there is no calling script
            localdir = os.getcwd()
        localdir_s = localdir.split(os.path.sep)

        def dmatch(dir):
            """Match dir against right-hand components of the script dir"""
            d = dir.split('/')  # param 'dir' assumes a / separator
            length = len(d)
            return len(localdir_s) > length and localdir_s[-length:] == d

        def sdir(srcdir, variant):
            """Build a path from srcdir to the staged API files of
            'variant'  (typically '' or '_debug')"""
            # Since 'core' and 'plugin' files are staged
            # in separate directories, we target the parent dir.
            return os.path.sep.join((
                srcdir,
                'build-root',
                'install-vpp%s-native' % variant,
                'vpp',
                'share',
                'vpp',
                'api',
            ))

        srcdir = None
        if dmatch('src/scripts'):
            srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-2])
        elif dmatch('src/vpp-api/python'):
            srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-3])
        elif dmatch('test'):
            # we're apparently running tests
            srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-1])

        if srcdir:
            # we're in the source tree, try both the debug and release
            # variants.
            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, '_debug'))
            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, ''))

        # Test for staged copies of the scripts
        # For these, since we explicitly know if we're running a debug versus
        # release variant, target only the relevant directory
        if dmatch('build-root/install-vpp_debug-native/vpp/bin'):
            srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-4])
            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, '_debug'))
        if dmatch('build-root/install-vpp-native/vpp/bin'):
            srcdir = os.path.sep.join(localdir_s[:-4])
            dirs.append(sdir(srcdir, ''))

        # finally, try the location system packages typically install into
        dirs.append(os.path.sep.join(('', 'usr', 'share', 'vpp', 'api')))

        # check the directories for existance; first one wins
        for dir in dirs:
            if os.path.isdir(dir):
                return dir

        return None

    @classmethod
    def find_api_files(cls, api_dir=None, patterns='*'):
        """Find API definition files from the given directory tree with the
        given pattern. If no directory is given then find_api_dir() is used
        to locate one. If no pattern is given then all definition files found
        in the directory tree are used.

        :param api_dir: A directory tree in which to locate API definition
            files; subdirectories are descended into.
            If this is None then find_api_dir() is called to discover it.
        :param patterns: A list of patterns to use in each visited directory
            when looking for files.
            This can be a list/tuple object or a comma-separated string of
            patterns. Each value in the list will have leading/trialing
            whitespace stripped.
            The pattern specifies the first part of the filename, '.api.json'
            is appended.
            The results are de-duplicated, thus overlapping patterns are fine.
            If this is None it defaults to '*' meaning "all API files".
        :returns: A list of file paths for the API files found.
        """
        if api_dir is None:
            api_dir = cls.find_api_dir()
            if api_dir is None:
                raise VPPApiError("api_dir cannot be located")

        if isinstance(patterns, list) or isinstance(patterns, tuple):
            patterns = [p.strip() + '.api.json' for p in patterns]
        else:
            patterns = [p.strip() + '.api.json' for p in patterns.split(",")]

        api_files = []
        for root, dirnames, files in os.walk(api_dir):
            # iterate all given patterns and de-dup the result
            files = set(sum([fnmatch.filter(files, p) for p in patterns], []))
            for filename in files:
                api_files.append(os.path.join(root, filename))

        return api_files

    @property
    def api(self):
        if not hasattr(self, "_api"):
            raise VPPApiError("Not connected, api definitions not available")
        return self._api

    def make_function(self, msg, i, multipart, do_async):
        if (do_async):
            def f(**kwargs):
                return self._call_vpp_async(i, msg, **kwargs)
        else:
            def f(**kwargs):
                return self._call_vpp(i, msg, multipart, **kwargs)

        f.__name__ = str(msg.name)
        f.__doc__ = ", ".join(["%s %s" %
                               (msg.fieldtypes[j], k)
                               for j, k in enumerate(msg.fields)])
        f.msg = msg

        return f

    def _register_functions(self, do_async=False):
        self.id_names = [None] * (self.vpp_dictionary_maxid + 1)
        self.id_msgdef = [None] * (self.vpp_dictionary_maxid + 1)
        self._api = VppApiDynamicMethodHolder()
        for name, msg in vpp_iterator(self.messages):
            n = name + '_' + msg.crc[2:]
            i = self.transport.get_msg_index(n.encode())
            if i > 0:
                self.id_msgdef[i] = msg
                self.id_names[i] = name

                # Create function for client side messages.
                if name in self.services:
                    if 'stream' in self.services[name] and \
                       self.services[name]['stream']:
                        multipart = True
                    else:
                        multipart = False
                    f = self.make_function(msg, i, multipart, do_async)
                    setattr(self._api, name, FuncWrapper(f))
            else:
                self.logger.debug(
                    'No such message type or failed CRC checksum: %s', n)

    def connect_internal(self, name, msg_handler, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen,
                         do_async):
        pfx = chroot_prefix.encode() if chroot_prefix else None

        rv = self.transport.connect(name.encode(), pfx, msg_handler, rx_qlen)
        if rv != 0:
            raise VPPIOError(2, 'Connect failed')
        self.vpp_dictionary_maxid = self.transport.msg_table_max_index()
        self._register_functions(do_async=do_async)

        # Initialise control ping
        crc = self.messages['control_ping'].crc
        self.control_ping_index = self.transport.get_msg_index(
            ('control_ping' + '_' + crc[2:]).encode())
        self.control_ping_msgdef = self.messages['control_ping']
        if self.async_thread:
            self.event_thread = threading.Thread(
                target=self.thread_msg_handler)
            self.event_thread.daemon = True
            self.event_thread.start()
        return rv

    def connect(self, name, chroot_prefix=None, do_async=False, rx_qlen=32):
        """Attach to VPP.

        name - the name of the client.
        chroot_prefix - if VPP is chroot'ed, the prefix of the jail
        do_async - if true, messages are sent without waiting for a reply
        rx_qlen - the length of the VPP message receive queue between
        client and server.
        """
        msg_handler = self.transport.get_callback(do_async)
        return self.connect_internal(name, msg_handler, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen,
                                     do_async)

    def connect_sync(self, name, chroot_prefix=None, rx_qlen=32):
        """Attach to VPP in synchronous mode. Application must poll for events.

        name - the name of the client.
        chroot_prefix - if VPP is chroot'ed, the prefix of the jail
        rx_qlen - the length of the VPP message receive queue between
        client and server.
        """

        return self.connect_internal(name, None, chroot_prefix, rx_qlen,
                                     do_async=False)

    def disconnect(self):
        """Detach from VPP."""
        rv = self.transport.disconnect()
        self.message_queue.put("terminate event thread")
        return rv

    def msg_handler_sync(self, msg):
        """Process an incoming message from VPP in sync mode.

        The message may be a reply or it may be an async notification.
        """
        r = self.decode_incoming_msg(msg)
        if r is None:
            return

        # If we have a context, then use the context to find any
        # request waiting for a reply
        context = 0
        if hasattr(r, 'context') and r.context > 0:
            context = r.context

        if context == 0:
            # No context -> async notification that we feed to the callback
            self.message_queue.put_nowait(r)
        else:
            raise VPPIOError(2, 'RPC reply message received in event handler')

    def has_context(self, msg):
        if len(msg) < 10:
            return False

        header = VPPType('header_with_context', [['u16', 'msgid'],
                                                 ['u32', 'client_index'],
                                                 ['u32', 'context']])

        (i, ci, context), size = header.unpack(msg, 0)
        if self.id_names[i] == 'rx_thread_exit':
            return

        #
        # Decode message and returns a tuple.
        #
        msgobj = self.id_msgdef[i]
        if 'context' in msgobj.field_by_name and context >= 0:
            return True
        return False

    def decode_incoming_msg(self, msg, no_type_conversion=False):
        if not msg:
            self.logger.warning('vpp_api.read failed')
            return

        (i, ci), size = self.header.unpack(msg, 0)
        if self.id_names[i] == 'rx_thread_exit':
            return

        #
        # Decode message and returns a tuple.
        #
        msgobj = self.id_msgdef[i]
        if not msgobj:
            raise VPPIOError(2, 'Reply message undefined')

        r, size = msgobj.unpack(msg, ntc=no_type_conversion)
        return r

    def msg_handler_async(self, msg):
        """Process a message from VPP in async mode.

        In async mode, all messages are returned to the callback.
        """
        r = self.decode_incoming_msg(msg)
        if r is None:
            return

        msgname = type(r).__name__

        if self.event_callback:
            self.event_callback(msgname, r)

    def _control_ping(self, context):
        """Send a ping command."""
        self._call_vpp_async(self.control_ping_index,
                             self.control_ping_msgdef,
                             context=context)

    def validate_args(self, msg, kwargs):
        d = set(kwargs.keys()) - set(msg.field_by_name.keys())
        if d:
            raise VPPValueError('Invalid argument {} to {}'
                                .format(list(d), msg.name))

    def _call_vpp(self, i, msgdef, multipart, **kwargs):
        """Given a message, send the message and await a reply.

        msgdef - the message packing definition
        i - the message type index
        multipart - True if the message returns multiple
        messages in return.
        context - context number - chosen at random if not
        supplied.
        The remainder of the kwargs are the arguments to the API call.

        The return value is the message or message array containing
        the response.  It will raise an IOError exception if there was
        no response within the timeout window.
        """

        if 'context' not in kwargs:
            context = self.get_context()
            kwargs['context'] = context
        else:
            context = kwargs['context']
        kwargs['_vl_msg_id'] = i

        no_type_conversion = kwargs.pop('_no_type_conversion', False)

        try:
            if self.transport.socket_index:
                kwargs['client_index'] = self.transport.socket_index
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        self.validate_args(msgdef, kwargs)

        logging.debug(call_logger(msgdef, kwargs))

        b = msgdef.pack(kwargs)
        self.transport.suspend()

        self.transport.write(b)

        if multipart:
            # Send a ping after the request - we use its response
            # to detect that we have seen all results.
            self._control_ping(context)

        # Block until we get a reply.
        rl = []
        while (True):
            msg = self.transport.read()
            if not msg:
                raise VPPIOError(2, 'VPP API client: read failed')
            r = self.decode_incoming_msg(msg, no_type_conversion)
            msgname = type(r).__name__
            if context not in r or r.context == 0 or context != r.context:
                # Message being queued
                self.message_queue.put_nowait(r)
                continue

            if not multipart:
                rl = r
                break
            if msgname == 'control_ping_reply':
                break

            rl.append(r)

        self.transport.resume()

        logger.debug(return_logger(rl))
        return rl

    def _call_vpp_async(self, i, msg, **kwargs):
        """Given a message, send the message and await a reply.

        msgdef - the message packing definition
        i - the message type index
        context - context number - chosen at random if not
        supplied.
        The remainder of the kwargs are the arguments to the API call.
        """
        if 'context' not in kwargs:
            context = self.get_context()
            kwargs['context'] = context
        else:
            context = kwargs['context']
        try:
            if self.transport.socket_index:
                kwargs['client_index'] = self.transport.socket_index
        except AttributeError:
            kwargs['client_index'] = 0
        kwargs['_vl_msg_id'] = i
        b = msg.pack(kwargs)

        self.transport.write(b)

    def register_event_callback(self, callback):
        """Register a callback for async messages.

        This will be called for async notifications in sync mode,
        and all messages in async mode.  In sync mode, replies to
        requests will not come here.

        callback is a fn(msg_type_name, msg_type) that will be
        called when a message comes in.  While this function is
        executing, note that (a) you are in a background thread and
        may wish to use threading.Lock to protect your datastructures,
        and (b) message processing from VPP will stop (so if you take
        a long while about it you may provoke reply timeouts or cause
        VPP to fill the RX buffer).  Passing None will disable the
        callback.
        """
        self.event_callback = callback

    def thread_msg_handler(self):
        """Python thread calling the user registered message handler.

        This is to emulate the old style event callback scheme. Modern
        clients should provide their own thread to poll the event
        queue.
        """
        while True:
            r = self.message_queue.get()
            if r == "terminate event thread":
                break
            msgname = type(r).__name__
            if self.event_callback:
                self.event_callback(msgname, r)


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